Breeding and Management techniques of Colored Cymbidium

Since the emergence of Cailan, the standard of appreciation has changed greatly. At first, as long as the color orchid, there are ecliptic, white road can, and then gradually added to the green orchid appreciation standards, such as length-width ratio, round, bright, jump, orchid delicate, good head shape, good plant shape, yuan throne, good rigidity and so on have been fully adopted. Generally speaking, the color orchid requires not only the color path of the color orchid, but also the appreciation standard of the green orchid. The specific requirements are as follows: the color channel is evenly distributed: there should be a certain proportion of white and green. The color channel has a good contrast: green and white, bright and charming, exquisitely carved, with a sense of three-dimensional, transparency and freshness. The stability of the color channel is good: the color channel distribution of chimera orchid is more uniform on each leaf, and the closer each leaf is, the better. The color of Cailan is roughly divided into five types: wheel Road, Yuanyang Road, Caidao, Golden Road, and there are national orchid, Japanese orchid, Henglan, sparrow orchid and other strains. In breeding, color requirements and variety characteristics must be considered, and parents must be selected carefully.

I. breeding

1. Selection of parents

Since the emergence of colored orchids in the 1980s, the hybrid emergence rate has been 15%-20%. Only when plants with fairly uniform color stripes are selected as female parents, the emergence rate can reach 70%. Therefore, in the selection of parents, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the characters between the father and the mother, so that the characters complement each other, so that it is possible to get excellent orchid seedlings.

2. The choice of female parent

According to the previous experience, the female parent should first choose the silk orchid which is very transparent, which can penetrate through the front and back, and requires uniform distribution of color channels and high color purity; the larger the contrast between porcelain white and dark green, the better. Secondly, other characters are considered, such as leaf length, width, ratio of length to width, leaf vein, head shape, seat type, brightness, thickness, stiffness and so on. In the case of ensuring the emergence rate of offspring and the higher the ratio of Cymbidium, the more other conditions meet the standard of Cymbidium, the better.

3. The choice of male parent.

Choose the male parent, first choose the more thorough silk orchid. Secondly, it is considered that the defects of the female parent characters can be compensated, reformed and enhanced. In the production practice, it will be found that the quality of some male parents is very good, but the offspring obtained from different female parents are different. Therefore, the choice of good paternal parents can only be determined after long-term practice, recording, observation and summary.

2. Hybrid technology

The magnolia does not bear fruit by itself and needs artificial pollination. After the selection of parents, the implementation of correct pollination techniques in order to obtain a large number of fruits.

1. Make preparations before pollination

Before pollination, prepare the necessary pollination tools: toothpicks, writing brushes, glass dishes, tweezers, labels, pencils or ballpoint pens. It is necessary to prepare more pollination tools when blooming, and be sure to make sure that a male parent uses a set of pollination tools.

2. Determine the best pollination time.

The stigma of the pistil began to secrete mucus 2-3 days after the perianth of the female parent was dehiscent, and the pistil matured, which was the best time for pollination. The best time of day for pollination is from 9 am to 10:00 or from 13:00 to 14:00 in the afternoon.

3. Collect pollen in time

When the stamens of the male parent emerge from the perianth, the anthers crack and the pollen begins to disperse, remove the stamens of the male parent with tweezers, pop the yellow pollen into a glass dish and cover it for use. It is not too late to collect pollen, and it is easy to lose pollen too late.

4. Pollination operation

When the floret petals of the female parent are about to unfold or are in the big bract stage, spread the floret petals manually, remove the stamens without loose powder one by one with tweezers, and then pay attention to observation. After 2 and 3 days, the stigma began to secrete mucus, indicating that the pistil matured and could be pollinated. When pollinating, touch the pollen grain with a brush, toothpick or other tool, gently bounce on the stigma of the female pistil, and wait for the pollen grain to stick to the stigma. Direct pollination can also be used. The method is that the stamens that can disperse pollen are removed with tweezers and gently rubbed on the stigma with the anther of the male parent. When the stigma is glued with yellow pollen grains, the pollination operation is over. To ensure good pollination, you can pollinate again the next morning or the following year. Note that pollen from the same male parent must be used for both pollination. A set of pollination tools only pollinate one male parent and, if necessary, completely kill the pollen grain of the previous parent before using it. When pollinating, do not wait for all the florets to bloom, but pollinate the florets in different periods in time to ensure the success of pollination. The floret after pollination should be listed with the time and frequency of pollination, the name of the male parent and the operator.

Pay attention to observation after pollination, and remove the florets in time, do not wait for natural shedding, so as to avoid wasting nutrition. In general, after the pollination operation is completed, the ovary begins to expand obviously, indicating that pollination is successful.

After the fruit is stable, if there is no soil change last year, the soil should be changed in time. After the soil change, 800 times carbendazim solution should be filled immediately to prevent the root system from rotting and provide water in time to prevent fruit drop. Then move on to the normal maternal management stage.

5. Seed collection

In winter, after about 8 months of growth and development, some seeds begin to appear color, indicating that the fruit is ripe and should be collected in time. When collecting seeds, cut off the whole flower in the middle and lower part of the scape with a knife and hang it in a cool and ventilated place. After ripening for 10 to 15 days, the seeds are peeled off from the fruit, washed with clean water, dried, stored or sown immediately. Seed selection should be carried out at the same time of peeling seeds to eliminate stunted, non-seed pores and seeds that are too small.

After the seeds are harvested, a simple record should be made. Such as serial number, harvest date, seed name, male parent name, flower color, plant type and adaptability, etc. Use the label and put it in the bag as the basis for seed treatment, storage, exchange, sowing and breeding. Then store the seeds in a low temperature, dry and sealed environment to maintain the germination power of the seeds and wait for sowing.