How to grow orchids? Ecological habits and cultivation and Management techniques of Orchid

1 cultivation of orchids

1.1 Ecological habits of orchids

Orchids like a warm and humid environment, especially warm in winter and cool in summer is more suitable, breeding orchids, must avoid high temperature and dryness. The growing place of orchids requires that the upper layer of soil is deep and rich in humus, and the black-brown fertile soil is the best, with good water permeability and water retention.

1.2 Classification of orchids

There are many varieties of orchids, about a thousand, and the common species are cold orchid, cymbidium, hard-leaf orchid, ink orchid, Dongfeng orchid, Taiwan orchid and so on. If you want to cultivate orchids scientifically, you need to distinguish and understand the species of orchids. This paper mainly discusses the cultivation techniques of hard-leaf orchid, cymbidium and Dongfenglan varieties.

1.3 selection of orchid pots

Choose a suitable orchid basin, the growth of orchids is very important, glaze basin workmanship, very beautiful, in line with the temperament of orchids, can be used as one of the options, its disadvantages are insufficient air permeability; plastic basin has the advantages of cheap price and light quality, but its permeability is poor; tile basin has good ventilation, for the growth of orchids, it should be a good choice for orchids. Generally speaking, what kind of orchid basin to choose is mainly determined according to the actual situation.

1.4 preparation of soil

Soil is the foundation of orchid growth. Scientific allocation of soil can make orchids grow healthily. The soil with good air permeability and hydrophobicity is the most suitable for the growth of orchids with a pH value of 5.5-6.5. The culture soil of orchid can be composed of the following substrates: ① rotten leaf soil matrix: this kind of soil can be prepared artificially, and the main allocation method is to pile up the fallen leaves together, add fertilizer, mud and water, after the process of sealing, ripening and sieving, the rotten leaf soil can be obtained. ② bamboo root soil matrix: it is obtained in the root of the main clump that has grown for many years, which contains bamboo whip, bamboo root and rotten bamboo leaves, which is rich in nutrition and loose in soil; ③ mud matrix: generally obtained from the mountain forest, in which there are all kinds of decaying leaves of plants, the soil is loose and breathable. After selecting the culture soil, the culture soil should be sterilized before use and the pH value of the soil should be adjusted in the range of 5.6 to 6.5.

1.5 preparation of orchid seedlings

The most suitable preparation time for orchids is around Rain Water. After pruning and disinfecting the bought orchids, they can be cultivated. The work of replanting should be combined with ramet propagation and potting. Generally speaking, when taking out the orchid, make sure that the soil has a suitable temperature of 20-28 ℃ and keep the leaves free of water as far as possible. After taking out the ground, the rotten roots, broken roots and dry leaves were trimmed, and the trimmed langen was placed in 10~15min in 1000 times of methyl topiramate disinfection solution, then taken out and placed in a ventilated place to dry.

1.6 cultivation of orchid seedlings

Cultivation or replanting orchids need to choose the right season, generally speaking, the Qingming Festival is the best time to cultivate and replant orchids. The specific cultivation methods are as follows:

① selects a flowerpot of appropriate size, covers the tiles on the drainage outlet of the basin, and then fills the flowerpot with relatively loose materials such as ash, filling it into the area between 1, 3, 1 and 2 of the flowerpot, and covering it with nutritious soil.

In the process of transplanting, ② should try to avoid the contact between the orchid root and the inner wall of the container, so as to ensure that the root of the container is naturally stretched. ③ holds the orchid leaf with his hand, slowly fills the soil into the orchid root, and lifts the orchid slightly upward to ensure the natural extension of the orchid root. At the same time, pay attention to adjust the position and height of the orchid plant until the plant is higher than the pot surface.

Orchids planted by ④ should be covered with pebbles or water moss on the surface of the soil, which is not only beautiful, but also can regulate moisture.

⑤ in the orchid planting, the first watering should be thoroughly watered, when using a spray can to spray leaves, pay attention to uniform force, small water droplets are better. After that, the orchids are soaked in a water basin, and the leaves can be sprayed with a spray can.

2. Management of orchids

2.1 Environment and planting site

Orchids prefer shade, and 10-25 ℃ is the optimum temperature for orchids to grow. Too high or too low temperature will seriously hinder the growth of orchids. In order to avoid this situation, the common ways are to build an Arbor, sprinkle water and so on. The optimum air humidity for orchid growth is 60%-80%. The humidity in the greenhouse generally does not meet the requirements. You can increase the humidity by sprinkling water and proper shading. The growing environment of orchids is as far away from industrial areas as chemical plants. It is best to face southwest and have the location of the shelter to avoid being hurt by the bright light.

2.2 Water management

Spring water or clean water is the most suitable source of water for orchid growth. It is difficult to have spring water and clean water in the city. Tap water can be kept for 2 days and used after removing chlorine from the water. Watering should also be determined according to the specific growth and weather conditions of orchids, not too frequently, especially in spring to prevent excessive wetness, while the summer temperature is higher, to ensure sufficient water, autumn is not dry or wet is the most appropriate, winter should be watered as little as possible, choose sunny days to water as much as possible.

2.3 Fertilizer Management

Orchids like fertile soil, if the quality of base fertilizer is not good enough, it is necessary to top fertilizer. There is a fixed time distinction between base fertilizer and topdressing, generally speaking, rotten leaf soil and pig manure put in during cultivation are base fertilizer, while topdressing is limited in orchid growth due to the lack of base fertilizer quality, so fertilizer should be added, and the specific fertilization time depends on the variety and climate of orchid. Due to the slow evaporation of water in cloudy days, it is not suitable to apply fertilizer. When the temperature is more than 30 ℃, the water evaporation is too fast, so it is not suitable for fertilization, so the best fertilization season is spring and summer, the most unsuitable season is winter, and a small amount of fertilizer can be applied in autumn. There are two ways to apply fertilizer: ① mixes fertilizer with base fertilizer; ② fills water and fertilizer and applies fertilizer to flower roots by spraying, and be careful not to get fertilizer on the leaves.

2.4 Control of diseases and insect pests

Compared with most ornamental plants, orchids have relatively few diseases and insect pests. The main diseases of orchids are brown spot and anthracnose. The main cause is that the basin soil is too wet and there is no sunlight for a long time. To prevent orchid diseases and insect pests, we need to do a good job in the following aspects: ① in planting, try to select disease-resistant varieties; ② indoor maintenance, to ensure that the distance between pots 10: 15cm; ③ watering properly, cut off the diseased leaves in time, appropriate spraying 40% fungicide 800x liquid; ④ in case of orchid disease, should be more ventilation, supplemented by spraying 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times solution.

2.5 Protection of mosaic

Every day, the orchid leaves should be protected, the pollution should be solved in time, and the withered and diseased orchid leaves should be cut off in time. In addition, each orchid seedling does not need to leave too many flower buds, leaving one can, the initial unearthed flower buds are more, to prune, leaving a high-quality flower bud. In order to prevent orchids from pollinating, the flowers must be reduced before they wither. If the purpose of cultivation is cross breeding, orchids should be artificially pollinated.