Competitive mixed bacteria of Edible Fungi and their Control

Diseases and insect pests of edible fungi refer to the microorganisms and pests that compete with edible fungi for nutrients and space, endanger the growth and development of edible fungi, and cause the decline of the yield and quality of edible fungi.

Competitive miscellaneous bacteria and control:

(1) during the seed production period, miscellaneous bacteria are a series of competitive fungi, which compete for nutrients in the culture materials and sometimes produce toxins, which affect the growth of hyphae, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, and bacteria.

1. Common miscellaneous bacteria

(1) Streptomyces: also known as Alternaria, spores orange or pink, also known as Streptomyces red, is a medium-high temperature type of aerobic fungi, when the conditions are suitable, it grows very fast and spreads rapidly. it often occurs in fungi cultivated on sawdust, cottonseed shell and so on. The main harm is to compete with edible fungi for nutrients and space, often grow on the cotton stopper at the mouth of the bag and the surface of the bag, the hyphae can develop in depth, and naturally disappear after the hyphae grow in the bag, which has little effect on mushroom emergence, but if it is cross-infected with Trichoderma, it will do great harm.

(2) Aspergillus: there are mainly three kinds of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Niger and Aspergillus gray. The colony is yellowish green in the middle with a circle of white, belonging to the medium-high temperature type of 25-30 ℃. It likes high humidity and slightly acidic environment. When the mycelium grows well, it can be covered, which has little effect on mushroom emergence. The main harm is to compete with edible fungi for nutrients and space.

(3) Penicillium and Paecilomyces: the colony is bluer and bluer, surrounded by white, competing with edible fungi for nutrients and space, and the harm is greater than that of Aspergillus.

(4) Mucor and Rhizopus: hyphae are like rotten cotton wool, Rhizopus will produce false roots, which is a sign of high water content of culture materials, and the main harm is to compete with edible fungi for nutrients and space.

(5) Trichoderma: green spores are produced, and the colonies are also called green Trichoderma, which can secrete mold, play a destructive role, and produce exospore toxins, often causing rotten cylinders and great harm.

(6) bacteria: the culture material has the fishy smell of organic decay, and most of them are bacterial contamination.

2. The causes of miscellaneous bacteria

The main reasons for the occurrence of miscellaneous bacteria are as follows: the mouth of the bag is not tied tightly, the sterilization is not complete, the culture material is not fresh or the humidity is on the high side, the aseptic operation is not strict during inoculation, the loose bag or piercing the bag during transportation, the disinfection of the culture environment is not complete, the concentration of miscellaneous spores in the environment is high, the source of primary infection is rich, the amount of spraying water during management is too large, the air humidity is high, the environment is not ventilated, and the temperature is on the high side. The main reason for the occurrence of bacteria is incomplete sterilization.

3. Main prevention and control methods of miscellaneous bacteria pollution.

For the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi, edible fungi is a kind of health food. because of its short production cycle, many edible fungi do not take off their bags, they are neither suitable for medicine nor general pesticides, and they have little effect, therefore, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi must adhere to the principle of "giving priority to prevention and comprehensive control", which mainly lies in prevention. The main aspects of prevention and control are as follows: first, the sites with fresh air, clean places, good ventilation, cool and dry, clean water sources, far away from warehouses and livestock and poultry houses should be selected as cultivation grounds. The second is to do a good job in environmental hygiene. in order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria, operators must strictly abide by the aseptic operation rules, do a good job in the environmental hygiene and disinfection of inoculation rooms and culture rooms, and strictly disinfect the site with formaldehyde and other agents in advance, and the agents are often used in rotation; the third is to strictly require aseptic operation, and the fourth is to adopt centralized treatment such as deep burial, retting fertilizer, burning and so on.