How to Control main Diseases of Edible Fungi

Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma, commonly known as chloromycete, can harm almost all edible fungi. Its harm to edible fungi is manifested as: polluting culture materials and competing for nutrients and space with edible fungi; secreting toxins to kill and kill hosts; and cutting host hyphae when Trichoderma filaments contact host hyphae. Prevention and control: comprehensive prevention and control work. Incubation room, cultivation place should keep low temperature, air relative humidity control at about 85%, and keep clean sanitation, good ventilation; once Trichoderma harm occurs, to immediately ventilate humidity, early infection of the tube, can use 2% aldehyde solution or 30%-5% carbolic acid injection, inhibit Trichoderma expansion. Part of the infected mature bacteria can be dug out of the contaminated parts, in the treatment of lime powder or stone sulfur mixture or Bordeaux mixture, etc., can also be used carbendazim, Shi Baogong, thiophanate-methyl and other fungicides control. If 50% carbendazim 1000 were mixed to prevent the occurrence of Trichoderma, but not in Hericium, Auricularia, Tremella use carbendazim.

Alternaria. Alternaria alternata, commonly known as pink flour disease, red bread mold, is a common miscellaneous fungus in the production of edible fungi, which can pollute all edible fungi. It is a tenacious, fast-growing aerial mold. After the culture material is contaminated, it will quickly form orange-red or pink mold layer on the material surface. Prevention and control: try to avoid sultry, humid summer high temperature period for production, pay attention to environmental sanitation. Once orange-red block conidia appear, carefully wrapped with damp cloth or wet paper to remove, immersed in liquid medicine or buried deep, do not use a sprayer directly on the bacteria spray, so as not to spore scattering; can also timely drop on the right amount of formaldehyde, kerosene or diesel oil, and then wrapped with film, can make mold erosion death. After the fungus is damaged in the late stage, the affected fungus bag can be buried in the soil with poor ventilation at a depth of 30-40 cm. After 10-20 days of hypoxia treatment, the disease can be alleviated and the mushroom can be produced. Fungicides such as carbendazim and Shibaogong can control the growth of Alternaria.

Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus commonly known as yellow mold, green mold, black mold and so on. There are many kinds of Aspergillus. Aspergillus niger colonies are black loose fruit particles; Aspergillus flavus yellow, yellow-green, and finally brownish green; Aspergillus griseus green is gray-green after initial white; Penicillium has many species and colonies are gray-green, yellow-green or blue powdery mold layers. Aspergillus and Penicillium are common miscellaneous fungi, they compete with edible fungi for nutrition and water, and secrete mycotoxins to inhibit edible fungi production. Control: strengthen the ventilation of the culture room, reduce the temperature, reduce the relative humidity of the air, can reduce the harm, local occurrence can be washed with 5%-10% lime water, other control methods can refer to Trichoderma control.