Several breeding techniques of Flowers

There are many ways to breed flowers. Here are several methods for farmers to choose from.

I. seed breeding method

The usual flower species, such as begonia and impatiens, can be sown directly without any solution, while seeds with oil and wax in the shell, such as Magnolia, can be mixed into a paste with plant ash and water to sow, and the seed coat of lotus and canna is relatively hard. Before sowing, the seed coat should be scraped and soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing. The seeds of Prunus mandshurica, such as sowing in early spring, can germinate in spring. Before sowing all kinds of seeds need to carry out germination experiments to test the germination rate of seeds in order to distinguish the sowing amount. For herbaceous flowers with thick seed coat, sprouting is usually carried out before spring sowing in order to achieve the goal of fast and neat emergence and high seedling rate. The methods of water immersion and stratification are often used to promote budding.

1. The method of sprouting by water immersion. It can be divided into three kinds of water temperature. First, cold water soaking seeds to accelerate germination, water temperature above 0 ℃, suitable for seeds with thin shell, such as wisteria, palm, wax plum, cedar, etc.; second, warm water soaking to promote seed germination, water temperature 40 ℃ 60 ℃, suitable for thick shell peony, peony, bauhinia, maple poplar, Chinese locust, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus elliottii, etc.; third, hot water soaking to accelerate seed germination, water temperature 70 ℃ 90 ℃, suitable for seeds with firm seed coat, such as acacia, Robinia pseudoacacia, camphor, etc. The amount of water used when soaking the seeds is 3 times that of the seeds, and it should be stirred when the water is poured so that the seeds are heated evenly. When soaking the seeds in hot water, stop stirring when the water temperature drops to the natural temperature, then soak for 3 days. After the seeds are absorbed and expanded, the seeds are harvested and germinated at 18 ℃ and 25 min. Rinse with lukewarm water twice a day during sprouting, and gently turn it until the seeds are broken.

2. Sprouting by stratification. Stratified sprouting is a mixture of 3 parts of wet sand and 1 part of seeds, and then refrigerated at 0Mel and 7 ℃. This method is suitable for Magnolia, Michelia, Magnolia, honeysuckle and flower seeds capable of sprouting in the coming year.

In addition, for seeds that have been dormant for a long time or seeds that sprout in the coming year, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, holly, coral trees, etc., variable temperature can also be used to accelerate germination, that is, after soaking seeds, the temperature is maintained at 25 ℃ in the day, the temperature at night is about 15 ℃, and the germination can be achieved after repeated for about 10 ℃ for 20 days.

2. Division and breeding method

It is called cutting breeding to produce small plants from the mother plant or bulbs and bulbs from the mother plant and plant them into independent new plants. This method can be divided into two categories: ramet and ball.

1. Branching method. The root tiller, stem tiller and rhizome occurred on the mother plant were separated and cultivated into independent new branches. The period of ramet breeding depends on the variety of flowers, usually in the refurbishment season for those flowering in spring, and in spring for those flowering in autumn. In autumn, the ramet should enter dormancy in the aboveground, and the underground part should be carried out in the active period, such as peony, peony, etc., and before germination in spring, such as Hosta, Iris and so on. When ramet, perennial flowers, first remove the persistent soil attached to the root, and then use a sharp knife or knife according to the natural gap, the potential to separate it, so that the first small plant after cutting with at least 2 Mel 3 buds. Flowers and trees do not need to knock off the mother plant, you can dig up the soil with a flower shovel and dig out the young plants from one side of the rhizosphere. Less damage to the root system when ramet, in order to survive.

2. The method of dividing the ball. This method is mainly adopted in the breeding of bulbous and bulbous flowers. After the bulb dividing time is dormant, the bulb and bulb are divided and dug out from the mother ball and cultured into independent new plants, such as hyacinth bulbs, which usually occur at the base of 4 weeks, and can reach the same size as the mother plant after 4 years of culture. Daffodil bulbs can grow into big balls in 3 years, tulip balls in 1 year to form 3 small balls, and small balls can grow into large balls in 1-2 years. After growing for one year, Gladiolus can form 4 big balls and produce many small balls.

Third, the method of grafting breeding. Grafting is the artificial grafting of the branches or buds of flowers and plants that need to be planted on the stems or roots of another kind of flower plants. Grafting can be divided into two categories: branch grafting and bud grafting. This method can not only maintain the characteristics of the original variety, but also improve the resistance to adverse environmental conditions, and regulate the growth process of flowers and trees, which is conducive to early flowering and fruiting. This method is mostly used for herbaceous flowers, and a small number of plants and flowers can also use this method. The key to the survival of grafting is to control the grafting period, usually when the sap begins to flow but the bud has not yet germinated, the branch grafting is mostly in early spring from March to April, and the bud grafting is mostly from July to August; second, the scion and rootstock should choose plants with close genetic relationship and affinity, such as using privet of the same family as rootstock, grafting sweet-scented osmanthus or cloves, etc. Third, the rootstock should choose luxuriant 2012 seedlings or one-year-old cuttings, if the rootstock is too old, it will affect the survival. The scion should choose annual branches with high quality and strong maturity; fourth, when grafting, pay attention to cutting the rootstock first and then cutting the scion (shortening the time of water evaporation), the tool should be sharp, the incision should be smooth, the cambium should be aligned when grafting, the parenchyma cells should be close, the joint should be close, and the binding should be moderate. Fifth, it should be checked in time after grafting, and the binding objects should be lifted in time for the plants that have been grafted. If you use the soil-piling method to graft, as soon as you see the new buds sprouting, remove the mound immediately, so that the buds will not turn yellow due to lack of sunlight.