Characteristics and application of common substrates for potted flowers

1. Peat soil, also known as peat.

There are two main types: high peat and low peat. The peat on the market is mainly coarse peat and fine peat, and most of them are acidic, so it is best to adjust their pH value before use.

① fine peat is a kind of peat after crushing and processing, which is expensive and is mainly used for raising seedlings of flowers.

② crude peat is often used in potted flower cultivation.

two。 Humus and saprophytic soil.

① humus soil, also known as compost soil, is made of residual branches and leaves of various plants, crop straw, and various perishable wastes in greenhouse garden nursery as raw materials, which can be used as pot substrate after accumulation and decay. Mashed and screened before use, preferably by steam disinfection, killing pests, eggs, harmful fungi and weed seeds, can be used.

② rotten leaf soil is formed by the accumulation and decay of fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees and can be used after steam disinfection.

3. River sand and fine sand.

① sandy soil has pure soil, less clay, smooth drainage and strong air permeability, so it is suitable for sowing, cutting and seedling cultivation. ② is more suitable to be used as the preparation material of pot culture soil, and the grain diameter of 1 mm to 2 mm is better as cutting medium.

4. Perlite and vermiculite.

① perlite is formed by heating crushed magma to more than 1000 ℃ and expanding. It is a closed porous structure with light weight, good ventilation and no nutrients.

② vermiculite is formed by the expansion of silicate material at 800 to 1100 ℃. It is better to choose large particles as cutting medium.

③ is usually used as an additive of culture soil, which can improve the physical properties of basin soil and make the soil more loose, permeable and water-retaining, but perlite and vermiculite are easy to be broken and compacted for a long time, resulting in poor soil ventilation and drainage.

5. Pond mud, river mud, mountain mud, yellow mud.

① pond mud is fertile, with good drought and waterlogging resistance, often used as potted flowers and lawn soil, can grow orchids, kumquat, lawn and so on.

② mud commonly known as orchid mud, generally distributed in orchids, Yingshanhong and other growing mountains, often used to cultivate orchids, rhododendrons, camellias, Milan and other flowers.

6. Rice husk, mushroom residue, coconut bran.

It is often used as the cultivation substrate of flowers in South China, which needs to be accumulated and ripened before use, and can be mixed with peat soil and other substrates to be used as pot substrate.

7. Moss and fern roots.

① bryophytes grow mostly in cold and humid places, and are distributed in the northeast and southwest plateau forest areas. With loose texture, strong water absorption and moisture retention ability, it is a commonly used flower cultivation matrix and flower packaging material in horticulture. Taiwan and Japan are often used to cultivate orchids.

② fern root is the root of Osmunda Osmunda, which is dark brown and true, with a diameter of 1 mm on the left and stone right. It is very hardy and is often used to cultivate tropical orchids, pineapple and other epiphytes.

Moss and fern root are often used as potted materials in ③ flower cultivation, which can not only permeate water, but also keep moisture.

8. Ceramsite and cinder.

① ceramsite is made from soil expanded at high temperature and is granular, which is suitable for the cultivation of aerial orchids.

② cinder is mainly used for orchid planting.

9. Bark, shavings, sawdust.

① bark has good physical properties and can replace fern root, fern root and peat soil, and is often used as the cultivation substrate of epiphytes.

② should be screened into different sizes according to different diameters. Small particles can be mixed with peat soil to grow general potted flowers; large sizes are used to plant epiphytes, such as orchids and ferns.