Is the guava not good? Try the magic Trichoderma fattening! Defeat nodule nematode, high yield and delicious

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Plants are good helpers for disease resistance and pests. Trichoderma is coming! After 17 years of research and development, the Taichung Agricultural Reform Station screened Trichoderma TCT768 suitable for Taiwan's environment, added compost, and sprinkled in the fields, allowing crops to quickly absorb nutrients, grow more vigorously, and induce beneficial bacteria to help plants resist annoying "nodule nematodes".

In recent years, due to climate change, nodule nematodes have become a headache for all kinds of crops, especially guava and pitaya. After a long cultivation time, nodule nematodes will appear in the roots. However, if direct control with actinomycetes, the amount of application will affect the control effect, in addition to the original bacteria 1 kg to 1800-2000 yuan, quite expensive. In order to reduce the cost of farmers, Trichoderma inoculated mushroom waste can produce compost containing a large number of actinomycetes, which has fertilizer efficiency and actinomycetes at a lower price and better effect.

At present, the Taichung Agricultural Reform Station has transferred Trichoderma technology and cooperated with the industry to develop solid fertilizer "mushroom abalone" and liquid fertilizer. It has been tested in many crops such as central paradise and bitter gourd garden, with remarkable results. On average, it can improve the fruit drop by 30% and increase the yield by 25%-50%.

On the left is a garden with mushroom and abalone application, and on the right is a neighboring garden without mushroom and abalone application (Photo_Lin Yijun). Tropical strains are tailor-made to help plants resist extreme weather

As the name suggests, Trichoderma was originally found on "moldy wood." Chen Chun-wei, director of the Puli branch of the Taichung Agricultural Reform Center, brings out the Trichoderma species that have been cultivated and preserved in the past."There are many varieties of Trichoderma," he says."The common ones are divided into temperate and tropical types. Because Taiwan has a hot and humid climate, the tropical type TCT768 was finally selected."

Chen Chun-wei, director of the Puli branch of the Taichung Agricultural Reform Center, recalls: "In fact, the main character at the beginning was not Trichoderma, but compost." Since 1993, the Taichung Agricultural Reform Station has been developing compost. In order to improve the peculiar smell of compost fermentation, researchers have been looking for materials that can accelerate fermentation, so they have found Trichoderma.

Chen Chun-wei, Director of Puli Branch of Taichung Agricultural Reform Farm 1. Accelerating the decomposition of nutrients, Trichoderma turns into crop protection army

Trichoderma is a kind of fungus, and mushrooms and agaric commonly found in supermarkets are its relatives. The key to accelerating fermentation is that it breaks down cellulose, breaking down the larger cellulose into smaller mono-and disaccharides that bacteria can eat easily. Just like a newborn baby, it needs its mother to chew food first before it can swallow easily.

The protective mechanism of Trichoderma to plants is that Trichoderma first converts nutrients into mono-and disaccharides, which will stimulate the proliferation of actinomycetes that eat mono-and disaccharides, while actinomycetes can inhibit important crop pests: rhizobia. Actinomycetes multiply in large numbers in the soil, decomposing rhizobia and eggs composed of chitin at one stroke, and the effect of protecting plants can be achieved.

Root nodule nematode, parasitic on plant roots, resulting in inability to absorb water and nutrients, making plant roots rotten and brittle (Photo_Lin Yijun)

The guava tree that died due to nodule nematode (Photo_Lin Yijun) adds Trichoderma, and the value of waste sawdust from mushroom cultivation increases tenfold.

The opportunity for Taichung Farm to develop compost with Trichoderma is to solve two major agricultural wastes in Taiwan: chicken manure and mushroom waste. After 6 years of screening Trichoderma 768 suitable for Taiwan climate, under the recommendation of Lin Zhangji, director of Taichung Taiping District Agricultural Association, cooperation with Taichung wafer mushroom farm began in 105.

After 18 years of operation, the large factory can accommodate 288,000 mushroom cultivation bottles, mainly producing Pleurotus eryngii. After disinfection, plastic bottles are filled with wood, rice bran, soybean meal, etc., and then inoculated with Pleurotus eryngii strains, which can reproduce and grow. Since pleurotus eryngii is only harvested once per bottle, it will not be harvested continuously like mushrooms, so the material at the bottom is still rich in nutrients and is a good material for composting.

Two hills are piled up behind the factory, one of which is filled with plastic bottles and the other is waste materials after mushroom cultivation, which produces 8 tons of waste every day. Lin Zhangde, director of the field, said: "In the past, these wastes were sold to recycling sites, and a car could get 4000 to 5000 yuan at most. Now they can be used as compost materials. The same weight of a car can be recycled for 60,000 yuan."

From left to right: Lin Kao-chih of the Delin Pesticide Company, Lin Chang-chi, chairman of the Taiping District Farmers 'Association of Taichung City, Chen Chun-wei, director of the Puli Branch of the Taichung Agricultural Reform Station, Lin Chang-te of the Wafer Mushroom Farm (photo/Lin Yi-chun)

The production process of Trichoderma compost is that Trichoderma is firstly added into liquid compost inoculant for cultivation, then added into mushroom cultivation waste for stacking fermentation, and can be packaged into bags after 1-2 months for farmers to spread.