The effect of cultivating edible fungi in soil cave is good.

Cave cultivation is a pioneering work of Zibo people in producing edible fungi. It has the characteristics of full utilization of resources, no land occupation, four seasons cultivation, warm winter and cool summer, constant temperature and moderate humidity. For this reason, Linzi District for the first time started the "new technology development project of edible fungi production in soil caves." The high efficient planting mode of "agaricus bisporus-garlic yellow-coprinus comatus" was explored, and higher social and economic benefits were obtained. Generally, the cost of constructing a 50m long soil hole is about 2000 yuan, while the economic benefit of planting three crops is more than 20,000 yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The key technical measures are summarized as follows:

1. Crops are arranged to prepare Agaricus bisporus in the first and middle of August, inoculate in the first and middle of September, start to produce mushrooms in the middle and late October, and harvest from the late November to the early December. After the harvest of Agaricus bisporus, garlic yellow will be planted in the middle and late December, and the first crop will be harvested in 20-25 days by double-layer three-dimensional planting, and 2-3 crops can be harvested continuously. A crop of coprinus comatus is planted in the first and middle of March of the following year, and harvested in the middle and last ten days of May.

Second, the standard soil hole requirements of 50m long, 2.5 m wide, 2m high. The hole should be straight, and a buffer room should be built at the hole door, which is generally 3m long, wide and high, and the front and rear doors are 1.8 m high and 1.2 m wide, so as to facilitate the inlet and outlet. The upper and lower parts of the vent are vertical, the diameter of the lower opening is 1-2m, the diameter of the upper opening is 60-70cm, the total height is 6.5-7m, and the general height is 1.5-2m above the ground. The top of the cave is semicircular, and supports can be set up in the cave for multi-layer cultivation.

3. Key points of cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus

1. Ecological environmental conditions. The temperature is controlled at 14-18℃, the relative humidity of the air is 85%-90%, the moisture content of the culture medium in the growth period is 65%-70%, the moisture content of the covering soil is 18%-20%, the optimum pH value is 7-7.5, and the air in the cave should be ventilated at any time on the basis of ensuring the temperature and humidity.

2. Raw material proportioning, processing. It is the same as general cultivation.

3. Preparation before vaccination. First of all, disinfection and sterilization of the cave, every 100 square meters with dichlorvos 0.5kg, formaldehyde 1kg, 3-4 times the water on the stove fumigation or spray. In order to ensure the safety of personnel, feed after disinfection for 24h, spread the fermented material evenly on both sides of the hole, the material thickness is 20-25cm, the middle sidewalk width is 40cm, and the material is flattened with wooden boards for inoculation.

4. Inoculation methods. Layer seeding. That is, 0.5-0.75kg of strains are used per square meter, 2/3 of the strains are evenly scattered on the material surface, and then the strains are mixed into the material with a two-tooth hook, and the remaining strains are scattered on the surface, slightly turned, and the material is tightly covered. Finally, the material is flattened with a wooden board. Under normal circumstances, after 15-18 days of inoculation, there are more than 2/3 hyphae to eat, most hyphae have approached the bottom of the culture, then began to cover the soil, generally 3-4cm thick.

5. fruiting period management and harvesting. Soil hole planting Agaricus bisporus, water management should be based on the principle of "frequent spray, less spray mushroom dense spray, mushroom rare spray early spray, late spray less" principle, and strengthen ventilation. Generally, it takes 35-40 days from inoculation to fruiting. When the mushroom grows to 3-5cm in diameter, it should be harvested in time.

4. Cultivation techniques of garlic yellow

1. Pre-sowing preparation and sowing method. First of all, spray 50% carbendazim and 90% trichlorfon 800 times solution on the surface of the cultivated agaricus bisporus for disinfection treatment, and then turn the waste bacteria into the ground for production soil. 40cm is reserved in the middle of the hole as sidewalk, and bamboo poles are used on both sides to erect frames with a height of 1m, and thin bamboo poles are paved on the frames. The plastic film is spread on the ground and thin bamboo poles respectively, and the cultivation soil is evenly spread on the plastic film according to the thickness of 10-12cm. This is the three-dimensional planting garlic yellow mode explored by the mushroom farmers in this area. In this way, the planting space can be fully utilized, which is twice as much as the income of planting garlic yellow on the ground. Garlic seeds are prepared according to 12kg/m2, covered with fine sand soil 3- 4 cm after garlic is placed, watered thoroughly, and do not make the bed area water. Then fill the gap with fine sand so that the garlic is not exposed.

2. Management and harvest. The temperature in the cave is generally kept at 13-15℃. After 20-25 days of planting, when the garlic yellow grows to about 30cm, the first crop is cut. Pay attention to the ground when cutting, but do not cut garlic cloves. 2-3 crops can be harvested according to yield, and 3 crops can be harvested when yield is high. After harvesting, the garlic seeds and soil are cleaned out of the cave together, and 800 times of multi-bacterial liquid is sprayed in the cave and on the ground soil to prepare for planting coprinus.

5. Cultivation techniques of Coprinus comatus

1. Ecological environmental conditions. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Coprinus comatus is 22-28℃, and the optimum temperature for fruiting body growth is 12-18℃. The temperature in March is still low, so it is necessary to pay attention to heat preservation as the humidity of bed culture medium. Coprinus comatus is an aerobic fungus, so ventilation should be strengthened as much as possible under the premise of ensuring temperature and humidity. The pH value of culture medium should be adjusted to 7.5-8.

2. proportioning raw materials, processing and preparing bacteria bags, and generating bacteria. The same as the general cultivation method.

3. inoculation method

(1)Treat bed. A 40cm sidewalk shall be reserved in the middle, the bed width on both sides shall be 1m, the depth shall be 20cm, and then 50% carbendazim 800 times solution shall be sprayed for disinfection.

(2)Inoculation bags are not covered with soil. The developed bacteria bags are removed from the bags and then horizontally arranged and buried into the treated bed, the interval between the bacteria bags is 3-4cm, the gaps are filled with nutrient soil, and then 2-3cm thick nutrient soil is covered, and the bed is flooded with water in time after the soil covering is finished.

4. Mushroom management and harvest. The temperature of the mushroom is controlled at 15-22℃, and the humidity is controlled at 85%-90%. When the temperature is high, the growth speed of the coprinus mushroom is fast, and it must be harvested in time, otherwise it will lose its commodity value. After the first tide mushroom is harvested, the mushroom bed is cleaned in time, dead mushrooms and mushroom roots are removed, and soil covering is supplemented, and water is replenished after 3- 5 days of mushroom cultivation. After the second mushroom is harvested, it can be sprayed with 200 times solution of mushroom and glucose to improve the later yield. The next crop is managed as the second tide, and the ending time is determined according to the temperature and the growth of Coprinus comatus.