Cultivation techniques of pollution-free Cherry Tomato

I. cultivation season

The seeds were sown from mid-September to early January and harvested from the end of December to mid-May in the northern region, and from late August to mid-December in the south and from late November to April of the following year.

II. Variety selection

Select varieties that are disease-resistant, heat-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, resistant to storage and transportation, good merchandise and adapt to the market. Recommended varieties: Yazu No. 6, Cuihong, Longnu, Red Queen.

3. Seedling raising techniques

1. Preparation before raising seedlings

(1) Seedling facilities: select seedling facilities such as plastic shed or ordinary cold bed according to different climatic conditions, popularize the use of hole plate seedling raising technology, and disinfect the seedling facilities to create environmental conditions suitable for seedling growth and development. Plastic shed: sagittal height 0.5 m-0.6 cm, span 1.2 mi 1.5 m, unlimited length. Seedling plate: there are 100 holes in 72mur. the length, width and height of the plate are 55 cm × 35 cm × 7 cm.

(2) nutritious soil: according to local conditions, select field soil without disease and insect source, grain hull ash or coconut bran, mature farm manure and sandy soil to prepare nutritious soil at 6:3:1. Porosity is required to be about 60%, available phosphorus 100mg/kg above, available potassium 100mg/kg above, available nitrogen 150mg/kg above, PH6-7. Loose, fat conservation, water conservation, complete nutrition. The prepared nutrient soil was evenly spread on the seeding bed with a thickness of 10 cm and loaded into a seedling hole plate.

(3) seeding beds: prepare sufficient seeding beds in accordance with the planting plan. The sowing bed was disinfected by spraying the bed soil with 1000 times solution of soil bacteria. The seeding bed is generally 150 cm wide, 25cm high and unlimited in length.

2. Seed treatment

(1) Disinfection treatment

The following disinfection methods are selected for the main local diseases.

A) soak the seeds in warm soup and soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes, then soak them in warm water for 6 hours. Mainly control leaf mildew, canker and early blight.

B) soak the seeds with trisodium phosphate for 5 hours, then soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, remove and wash. Mainly to prevent and cure virus.

(2) sprouting

The sterilized seeds were removed and washed and germinated under the condition of 25 ℃-28 ℃ heat preservation and moisture preservation.

3. Sowing seeds

The main results are as follows: (1) sowing time: the suitable sowing time is selected according to the cultivation season, climatic conditions, seedling raising methods and strong seedling index.

(2) seed quality: it meets the requirements of grade 2 or above in GBI6715.3-1999. The specific requirements are: seed purity ≥ 95%, purity ≥ 98%, moisture ≤ 7.0%.

(3) seeding rate: according to the seed size and planting density, the general amount of seed used in the field is 3mur4g per mu.

(4) sowing method: when the germination seeds are more than 70% white, they can be sown, or they can be directly sown after disinfection. Pour sufficient bottom water before sowing and moist to the depth of the bed soil 10 available phosphorus 100 cm. After the water seeps down, spread a thin layer of nutritious soil, including the surface of the bed, and sow seeds evenly. Each square meter of seedling bed with 8 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 8 grams of 70% pentachloronitrotoluene wettable powder mixed with dry fine soil are scattered thinly on the bed surface to prevent sudden collapse. After sowing, the nutritious soil is 0.8 Mal 1.0 cm. Pot seedlings were first watered through the substrate, and the sowing depth was 0.8mur1.0 cm. Cover plastic film, sunshade net or rice straw according to climatic conditions, and remove 70% of the top soil of seedlings.

4. Seedling stage management

(1) Environmental regulation

A) temperature: the high temperature is mainly cooled by the sunshade net. Use plastic shed for management at low temperature. The optimum daily temperature is 25 ℃-28 ℃, and the optimum night temperature is 17 ℃-20 ℃.

B) Water and fertilizer: proper control of moisture after emergence. The two leaves of the seedlings were combined with the condition of the seedlings and applied the fertilizer 2MUE for 3 times. It is mainly 0.1%-0.3%NPK compound fertilizer.

(2) strong seedling index

4 leaves are of one heart, plant height is 15 cm, stem diameter is about 0.4 cm, seedling age is about 25 days. The leaves are dark green and free from diseases and insect pests.

IV. Colonization

1. Preparation before planting

(1) applying basic fertilizer for soil preparation. The amount of general base fertilizer: more than 80% of the total amount of phosphate fertilizer and 20% of the total amount of nitrogen and potash fertilizer. Apply high-quality organic fertilizer (organic matter content more than 9%) 1500ml 2000 kg per mu. When the independent variable of nutrients is insufficient, it is supplemented with chemical fertilizer, which is sprinkled with quicklime 50m / mu, high-quality cake fertilizer 30m / m ~ 40kg, and high quality phosphate fertilizer 30m / mu. These fertilizers must be fully ripened and fermented, of which 2 beat 3 combined with soil preparation, turning 25ml 30 cm deep, and the other 1 hand 3 should be applied into the planting ditch (hole). Make beds according to local planting habits. The general width of the bed is 160ml 180cm (covering trench).

(2) mulching plastic film: select plastic film according to the width of the border. Generally choose a black mulch with a thickness of 0.02 mm and a width of 120 mi 130 cm. The plastic film is laid flat on the border and pressed around the film with dry fine soil to prevent the wind from lifting the film.

2. Planting method and density

According to the specification of planting bed, it should be planted in large and small rows or single rows. According to the variety characteristics, pruning methods, land characteristics, climatic conditions and cultivation habits to determine the plant distance, generally planted 1200mur1600 plants per mu. Planting should be shallow, pay attention to more nutritious soil, quick pouring root water, plastic film planting hole should be sealed strictly.

V. Field management

1. Fertilizer and water management

(1) Fertilizer and water management methods

Drip irrigation under plastic film or dark irrigation is suitable. If the traditional irrigation method is adopted, it is appropriate to irrigate in the early stage and furrow irrigation in the middle and later stage, but the water does not soak the border, and the rapid irrigation is drained quickly. During the result period, it is appropriate for soil moisture to maintain 60% of the maximum soil water holding capacity. According to soil fertility, plant growth period and growth status, the amount of fertilizer applied in conventional cultivation is shown in Table 3. After deducting the part of base fertilizer, it was applied with water for many times (calculated according to the standard of low fertility, the specific amount of topdressing was NPK compound fertilizer 5kg, 2.5kg urea, 2.5kg potash fertilizer / 667m2 times). Trace element fertilizers should also be applied in areas where soil trace elements are deficient.

(2) Fertilizers not allowed to be used

Municipal waste, sludge, industrial waste and untreated organic fertilizers should not be used in production.

2. Binding vines and pruning

(1) bracket, binding vine: it is appropriate to use an one-shaped fence frame, fix the main frame with thick bamboo pole and iron wire, then use thin bamboo pole to assist, and tie the vine in time.

(2) pruning methods: there are three pruning methods of cherry tomato: two-pole pruning, three-and-a-half pruning and two-and-a-half pruning, and the suitable pruning method is selected according to the cultivation density and purpose. Two-and-a-half pruning is recommended.