A New method of fertilization for Hybrid Maize seed production

Corn is a crop that needs more fertilizer, different growth stages, need to apply different kinds and amounts of fertilizer, the higher the yield, the more fertilizer. We call the fertilization method of base fertilizer and panicle fertilizer heavy, seedling fertilizer and culm fertilizer light at both ends and light in the middle as the old method, and the new fertilization method as the new method. The main difference between the new and old methods is that the amount of culm fertilizer and panicle fertilizer is different, the new method advocates re-application of stalk fertilizer, and the old method adopts re-application of panicle fertilizer. In the practice of maize seed production for many years, we found that the new method can better meet the normal growth and development of female parents and improve the yield of seed production. After the production and application of different varieties for three consecutive years, the average yield of the new method is more than 10% higher than that of the old method, and a new method of fertilization for maize seed production has been found out, and good results have been obtained.

1 the main contents of the new method

First, the type and total amount of fertilizer should be determined according to different types of female parents, soil conditions and yield design requirements. For every 100kg seed production, it is generally necessary to apply pure N7kg, sulfur dioxide 3kg, hydrogen oxide 6kg. The total amount of fertilizer is calculated according to this standard. For some zinc deficient plots, an additional 2kg of zinc fertilizer should be applied for every 667 square meters. Second, we should master the fertilization principles of sufficient base fertilizer, early seedling fertilizer, heavy culm fertilizer and skillful ear fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be farm manure and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the topdressing should be nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer used in each period is 30% for base fertilizer, 20% for seedling fertilizer, 40% for culm fertilizer and 20% for panicle stage.

Male parents should implement high fertilizer and water management, chase small seedlings to big seedlings, chase weak seedlings to strong seedlings, and master balanced development with female parents. If it is found that the male parent is too late, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and foliar spraying should be applied in advance; if it is found that the male parent is too early, fertilization and less watering and deep ploughing should be controlled to control its growth.

2 Analysis of the reasons for the increase of production by the new method

The re-application of straw fertilizer met the requirement of large fertilizer requirement at jointing and booting stage, and there were significant differences in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by maize at different growth stages. According to the data, spring corn accounted for 3% at seedling stage, 49% at jointing stage, 22% at flowering stage, 26% at mature stage, 10% at seedling stage, 63% at jointing stage, and 22% at florescence and maturity. The jointing stage is the period when the largest amount of fertilizer is needed. during this period, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed from the soil by spring corn is 32%, 45% and 70% respectively, and that of summer corn is 76%, 63% and 67%, respectively. Re-application of straw fertilizer can meet the needs of normal growth and development of maize.

Re-application of culm fertilizer is beneficial to strong panicle and large-grain culm fertilizer, which is generally in the jointing stage of 30 days after emergence. Re-application of culm fertilizer can promote the growth of stems and leaves and the formation and development of female spike, prevent the degeneration of florets at the top of female spike, and make the culm strong, ear length, large grain and more.

The timely emasculation of the female parent reduces the nutrient consumption in order to ensure the purity and quality of the seed. Male ear is one of the growth centers of maize. Timely removal of male ear can reduce a large amount of nutrient consumption, increase the ability of ventilation and light transmission, which is more conducive to the development of female ear, make the ear protruding quickly and neatly, and early silking for 2 days. The farmer said that if he went to the male early, he should apply fertilizer once.

Heavy application of panicle fertilizer is disadvantageous to increase the yield of seed production, heavy application of panicle fertilizer is easy to cause excess nutrition, the plant grows too much, making the bracts thicker and longer, and the bracts are covered with leaflets, commonly known as Baotou leaves. Sometimes it can also cause spikelets to grow on the ear, commonly known as Baerzituo, more than two ears grow in one dune, and it also causes difficulty in the leaf silk of the female ear, weak pollination affinity, poor seed setting rate of the ear, greedy green and late ripening, which can not quickly transfer nutrients from the plant to the ear. Therefore, the application of excessive ear fertilizer is not conducive to improve the quality and yield of hybrid maize seed production.