Storage methods of summer wheat

Due to the humid characteristics of Gao Wen in summer, the storage of wheat in summer is a very troublesome and important problem, so how should we solve these problems? Next, let's explain it to you.

Storage characteristics of wheat

Strong hygroscopicity: wheat seed coat is thin, tissue structure is loose, moisture absorption capacity is strong.

The post-ripening period is long: the post-ripening period of wheat is longer. The length of post-ripening period varies with different varieties. The ripening period of most varieties ranges from two weeks to two months. After the completion of post-ripening, the quality and storage stability of wheat with suitable water content were improved.

High temperature tolerance: wheat has strong heat tolerance. According to the experiment, when the moisture is 17%, the wheat is dried when the temperature is not more than 46 ℃, or when the moisture is less than 13%, the exposure temperature does not exceed 54 ℃, the enzyme activity does not decrease, and the germination power is still maintained. The technological quality of the ground wheat flour is not reduced, but has been improved, making steamed bread soft and inflated. This provides a basis for wheat to use high temperature drying or high temperature insecticidal.

Storage tolerance: the biggest point of wheat is that it has good storage tolerance. The respiration of ripe wheat is weak and lower than that of other cereals. Normal wheat, moisture within the standard (12.5%), stored at room temperature for 3-5 years or stored at low temperature (15 ℃) for 5-8 years, there was no significant change in edible quality.

Vulnerable to insect pests: wheat is a kind of grain with poor insect resistance and high infection rate. Except for a few legume specialised insect species, wheat can be infected by almost all stored grain pests, among which corn weevil and wheat moth are the most serious. The maturity, harvest and storage of wheat is in summer, which is in the stage of breeding and occurrence of pests. The temperature is high after entering the storage. If it is overcast and rainy, it will cause very suitable conditions for the occurrence of pests.

Storage methods of wheat

Strictly control moisture: due to the strong hygroscopicity of wheat, wheat storage should pay attention to precipitation and moistureproof. We should make full use of the high temperature in summer after wheat harvest to control the moisture content of wheat below 12.5%, and then put it into storage. After wheat is put into storage, moisture-proof measures should be taken, and attention should be paid to the phenomenon of water stratification and upper layer topping that may be caused during post-ripening.

Heat into closed storage: wheat is stored in closed storage while it is hot, which is the traditional method of wheat storage in China. Through the sun exposure, the water content of wheat can be reduced, and the effect of high temperature insecticidal and bacteria production can be obtained in the process of exposure and airtight storage. For newly harvested wheat, it can promote the completion of post-ripening. Due to the extinction of pests, the decrease of water content and carrying capacity of wheat, and the decrease of respiratory intensity, wheat can be stored safely for a long time.

The specific operation method of wheat entering the warehouse while it is hot is as follows: in the hot summer, choose the sunny and high temperature weather, sun the wheat temperature to about 50 ℃, keep the high temperature for 2 hours, and the moisture drop to less than 12.5%. Gather around 3 pm, enter the warehouse while it is hot, and seal the whole warehouse, so that the grain temperature lasts about 46 ℃ for about 10 days, which can kill all pests. Since then, the grain temperature gradually decreased and balanced with the warehouse temperature, and transferred to normal closed storage.

In addition, the warehouses, equipment and appliances used in closed storage need to be insecticidal in advance.

Warm closed storage: although wheat can withstand high temperature, it will also reduce the quality of wheat when stored at high temperature for a long time. Therefore, the wheat can be fully ventilated by natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation after autumn cooling, and sealed before spring to maintain low temperature. Low temperature storage is the basic method for long-term safe storage of wheat. Keeping wheat at a certain low temperature has certain benefits for prolonging seed life and maintaining quality.

Wheat can also be frozen to maintain good quality, such as dry wheat stored at a low temperature of-5 ℃, which is beneficial to the enhancement of vitality. Therefore, using the severe cold and low temperature in winter to turn over, remove impurities and freeze, the wheat temperature can be reduced to about 0 ℃, and then closed while it is cold, which has a good effect on killing the overwintering pests in the wheat pile. Low temperature sealing can be stored for a long time, but we should strictly prevent contact with hot and humid air flow, so as not to cause condensation on the surface of the wheat pile.