Cultivation techniques of out-of-season broccoli

At present, broccoli is the main variety of vegetables exported in China. In order to take advantage of the unique climatic conditions in mountainous areas, adjust the vegetable industrial structure and develop the production of export vegetables to earn foreign exchange, in 2002 Longquan City planted broccoli out of season in the form of orders in the high mountain areas of Longnan, Pingnan and other townships, with an area of 2250 mu. The main cultivated varieties are green wind, rich soil green, green belt, landscape and so on. The yield per mu is up to 750 kilograms. The output value is 2000 RMB3000 yuan, and the net output value is 1800 RMB2800 RMB. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

1. Cultivate strong seedlings

1.1 selection of sowing date

The harvest period of alpine off-season broccoli should be from late August to November, so the sowing date should be from mid-June to mid-July. The sowing and sowing date of high-altitude and early-maturing varieties should be advanced appropriately, while the sowing date of low-altitude and medium-maturing varieties should be postponed accordingly. According to the requirements of the order enterprise, we can sow seeds in stages and batches in order to achieve a balanced response to the market.

1.2 sowing and raising seedlings

The greenhouse was used to prevent rain and raise seedlings. The seeds are soaked and disinfected in warm water, mixed and sowed (vegetable Fengning, Chlorothalonil, etc.). Every 15 grams of seeds need a seedbed of 10 square meters; pour sufficient bottom water before sowing, cover 1 cm thick fine soil after sowing, spread film to moisturize, and cool the shade net. Three days after sowing, the film was removed in the evening when 70% of the seeds emerged and covered with a shade net at 10-16:00 on a sunny day to cool down. The seedlings were moved into 10 × 10 cm nutrition bowl at 2 leaf age (8 mi 10 days after emergence) and planted in the field at 6 leaf age (about 30 days after seedling emergence).

2. Land consolidation

2.1 Land selection

Out-of-season broccoli can be grown in alpine areas with an elevation of 750mi 1200 meters. It is required that the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile, drainage and irrigation is convenient, and the land with low elevation is better to sit west to east leeward, with the microclimate condition of sun in the morning and overcast in the afternoon. If there are many terraces in high mountains and make a pond at a certain distance, you can make use of the natural drop to irrigate with leather tubes to reduce labor intensity.

2.2 Land preparation and adequate application of basic fertilizer

After the land is ploughed, the width of the border is 1.3m (with ditch), and the basic fertilizer is applied in the middle of the border. Generally, more than 1000 kg of farm manure is applied every 667m2, which can be combined with clearing the weeds on the edge of the field and pressing them into the base fertilizer together. Apply 25kg calcium superphosphate, 10kg potassium chloride, 10kg urea, 2kg boric acid or compound fertilizer 30kg, 2kg boric acid, then spread 50kg quicklime on the border and mix it well with the topsoil. Flatten the border.

3. Field planting and management

3.1 cultivation density

Planting 2500000 trees per mu, early-maturing varieties are more dense, mid-maturing varieties are sparse, diagonal planting, and after planting, enough water is poured into fixed roots.

3.2 ploughing, weeding and mowing cover

At least 2 times of intermediate ploughing and weeding were carried out from 7 days after planting to before closing, and the grass was cut for mulching, so as to reduce the surface soil temperature, maintain moisture and reduce the growth of weeds.

3.3 Fertilizer and water management

The principles of fertilization for alpine off-season broccoli are as follows: adequate basal fertilizer, early topdressing, re-application of bud fertilizer, unbiased application of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally, 7 days after planting, rarefied human feces and urine were applied once or 3Mu5kg potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied in 667m2, then combined with ploughing and weeding to see the seedling condition, urea 10Mel 15kg and potassium chloride 5-l0 kg were applied with watering at bud appearance (when the flower bulb was as big as thumb). Combined with pest control, Aidoushou or Tianda 2116 disease-resistant and yield-increasing agent or fat or potassium dihydrogen phosphate in Brassica were sprayed every 7 seconds and 10 days to increase yield and enhance resistance.

3.4 Disease and pest control

3.4.1 the main pests are aphids, Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, night moth and so on. Aphids can be sprayed with 2000 times of 10% net solution or 3000 times of 1% insecticidal, while Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae and night moth can be sprayed with 5% Yitaibao 2000 times or 5% Regent 3000 times or 5% moth Wanqing 1500 times.

3.4.2 the main diseases are black rot, soft rot, downy mildew and so on. Black rot, soft rot, in addition to seed disinfection, 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times solution or neoptomycin 100-200ppm or 77% can be used to control downy mildew; downy mildew can be controlled by spray such as 75% chlorothalonil 500x solution or 64% trichlorothalonil 500x solution or 72.2% pric 600ft 800 times solution.

3.5 timely harvest

Alpine out-of-season broccoli should be harvested when the bulb is long and the edge has not yet cracked, usually every other 2 days, sunny day before 10:00 or after 4 pm, cloudy day, timely grading packaging, cold storage and transportation.