Comprehensive Control of Edible Fungi Diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria

The comprehensive control of edible fungus diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria refers to the coordinated application of ecological, biological, physical, chemical and other factors to control diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria. Its basic guiding ideology is to give priority to prevention, that is, without damaging the ecological environment, through reasonable arrangement of mushroom production layout, selection of excellent varieties, scientific cultivation and management measures, and selection of economic and effective control methods, form a complete organic prevention and control system to achieve the purpose of reducing harm and improving efficiency. The main measures for integrated control of edible fungus diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria are introduced below.

1. Rational arrangement of production layout and rotation cultivation of different mushrooms has a certain effect on reducing the occurrence of some diseases. In the areas where the rotation of grain mushroom and vegetable mushroom is carried out, it is best to change land year after year in order to reduce the residue of diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria in the cultivation place and reduce the harm.

Second, the selection of excellent strains should be cultivated with varieties suitable for local climatic conditions and strong resistance. Inoculated with pure species, robust mycelium growth, no bacterial poison, no miscellaneous bacteria and pest pollution.

Third, the raw materials used in the preparation of high-quality culture materials for growing mushrooms (ears) should be fresh, non-rotten and moldy, and fully dry. After cutting, some branches and leaves can be preserved, and the bark should be protected as far as possible. Sections and other wounds should be coated with lime water to reduce bacterial contamination. Before composting, the cultivated substitute should be exposed to the sun for 1 to 3 days to kill some harmful microorganisms and pests in the material.

Fourth, improve sanitary conditions, stacking, cultivation sites should be far away from fermentation farms, stables and other pollution sources, and regular disinfection. The door of mushroom house (shed) should be equipped with disinfectant tank or lime pit for pedal disinfection. The staff should wear overalls when they enter. Overalls and all tools should be disinfected regularly. Before feeding, the walls, bed frames and floor of the mushroom room should be thoroughly disinfected with 1 ∶ of carbendazim solution and 0.5% dichlorvos solution to kill latent diseases and pests. If possible, a filtration device can be set up in the vent to reduce the content of diseased and miscellaneous bacteria spores in the air of the mushroom room.

Fifth, make good use of culture materials and soil cover to sterilize bacteria

The culture materials cultivated with raw materials had better carry out secondary fermentation: the first fermentation was carried out outdoors for 10 to 20 days, during which the pile was turned three times, and the second fermentation was carried out on the indoor bedstead, which required closed doors and windows and heated with steam or coal stove to keep the indoor temperature in the range of 60-70 ℃ for 30 minutes. The culture material of clinker cultivation must be sterilized thoroughly, such as atmospheric pressure sterilization takes more than 8 hours, high pressure sterilization takes more than 2 hours, and ensure uniform heating. The soil-covering materials were treated with carbendazim, formalin and other agents, or placed indoors when feeding, and pasteurized by the high temperature of secondary fermentation.

Sixth, sowing at the right time and appropriately increasing the amount of inoculation except volvariella volvacea, we should generally choose to sow seeds when the temperature is low, and inoculation can be arranged at night. The amount of inoculation should be increased appropriately so that the hyphae should be filled with culture materials as soon as possible so as to reduce the chance of competitive miscellaneous bacteria pollution.

7. Strengthen the management of cultivation sites, improve environmental conditions, meet the requirements of mushroom growth as far as possible, and improve its ability to resist bacteria and miscellaneous bacteria. The cultivation place should be always ventilated, keep the air fresh, and adjust the temperature and humidity according to the requirements of different mushrooms. During cultivation, spray or spray 0.2% soapy water, 3%-4% lime water or 5% formaldehyde solution every day; pay attention to check the cultivation bed frame or section of wood, dig and destroy the diseased mushrooms or miscellaneous bacteria in time, and use lime water and other disinfection.

8. the doors, windows and vents of cultivation facilities such as insect-proof mushroom houses, mushroom sheds and air-raid shelters should be installed with insect-proof screen; black light can be used indoors to induce insects, but it is necessary to turn off the lights when opening the door to prevent insects from entering the outside. 

9. if chemicals are properly used in cultivation sites and old producing areas with serious diseases and insect pests, pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity and no adverse effects on the growth of edible fungi can be selected for prevention and control. The commonly used medicaments are: (1) mixing materials with 1000 times of 50% carbendazim, mixing soil materials or spraying the surface after covering soil can kill many kinds of harmful fungi; (2) spraying mushroom bed with 1000 times solution of 65% Dysen zinc (which can touch mushroom body). It can kill a variety of bacteria and miscellaneous bacteria; (3) indoor spraying with 1000 times solution of rotenin can control shell insects, mushroom flies, jumpers, etc. (4) spraying or soaking wood with 1000 times of triclofenac in the mushroom room can effectively control mites; (5) 30 grams of 10% Kexianling granule per ton of culture feed can kill nematodes; (6) 1.5 to 3 kg snail poison bait is added every 50 kg bean cake bait and placed indoors, which can trap snails and slugs. (7) spraying the cultivation ground with 5% or 20% salt water in the evening can also kill snails and slugs.