High-yield cultivation techniques of Edible Fungi in greenhouse

The high-yield cultivation techniques of edible fungi in plastic greenhouse are basically the same as the conventional cultivation techniques of edible fungi. We take the typical low-temperature variety Lentinus edodes, typical high-temperature variety Auricularia auricula and most medium-temperature varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus NT as the representative, adopt the method of plastic bag cultivation, and briefly introduce its comprehensive high-yield cultivation techniques in greenhouse.

1. High-yield cultivation techniques of Lentinus edodes in greenhouse

1.1 cultivation preparation takes about 90,120 days from inoculation to mushroom production, and the whole growth period is about 300,330 days. Generally, cultivation bags (17cm × 34cm, round) are prepared under indoor cooling conditions in high temperature season in summer and autumn, and mushrooms are produced at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter. The range of mycelial growth temperature of Lentinus edodes is 3: 32 ℃, the optimum temperature is 10: 28 ℃, the growth temperature of fruiting body is 5: 25 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 12: 17 ℃. The cultivation method is bed type, with 6 rows of cultivation bed 65 cm wide in one shed, 50 cm wide in the main aisle and 35 cm in width in the other aisles. The middle bed frame is divided into upper and middle layers, and the ground is covered with 3 layers. One bed surface is set up on both sides of the bed, and the floor is covered with two layers. The two rows of beds close to both sides of the greenhouse do not have a bed frame, but only cultivate one layer on the ground E. The distance between the two beds is 50-60 cm, the height of the bed edge is 20 cm, and the floor bed is arched with red brick. The whole greenhouse floor is flattened with red brick, or the surface is flattened and then planted with shiitake mushrooms. The cultivation methods can be divided into two kinds: solid original cultivation or liquid strain cultivation. The main measures are as follows: one original strain (shake flask strain) and one culture bag strain (liquid cultivation strain). The main measures are as follows: one original strain (shake flask strain), one culture bag strain, one fungus block to restore growth, one color conversion culture, one mushroom management and one harvest. Put the plastic film on the bed before releasing the bacteria, put the plastic film on the bed first, then remove the bacteria from the bag and put them evenly on the bed. After arranging a bed surface, cover the other side of the plastic film on the fungus block, there is no need to cover tightly, easy to ventilate. After carefully cultivating the tube, the color will be changed and the mushroom will be produced, and the bed film will not be replaced until after harvest.

1.2 before the management of color conversion and mushroom production, the hyphae have a period of physiological changes of color change. during this period, the greenhouse temperature should be kept between 20 and 23 ℃, and the plastic film should be lifted to ventilate and keep warm. It is necessary to prevent the steep growth of hyphae caused by high temperature and high humidity and the formation of thick mycelium skin, which affects the yield and quality. If the conditions are suitable, it will take about 10 days from taking off the bag to changing color. After changing color, the fungal mass changes from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is called mushroom emergence period. ① autumn mushroom (October to December), because the greenhouse temperature is too high, it is often necessary to remove the film to cool down, and keep the greenhouse temperature between 10 and 15 ℃ for a long time. For each harvest, the bed membrane should be opened for ventilation in a short time to promote development. ② mushroom (January to February) when the temperature is low and the mycelium grows slowly, it is suitable to spray water on the ground to moisturize the ground in sunny days. ③ spring mushroom (March ~ June) is first soaked in water with a water content of 60%. The second is to control the greenhouse temperature, keeping the temperature difference between day and night at 20: 25 ℃ to 10: 15 ℃, that is, 10 ℃. When the temperature rises in the future, the film can be properly removed to cool down.

two。 Key cultivation techniques of Auricularia auricula

2.1Auricularia auricula can grow normally when the mycelium is between 5-39 ℃, and the fruiting body is 0-42 ℃. Auricularia auricula likes high temperature and high humidity, and it can still grow normally in anoxic environment. The mycelium culture should be carried out in the dark, because under the irradiation of strong scattered light, it will mature prematurely and affect the yield. The fruiting body can grow vigorously under high temperature and high humidity strong light, the ear piece is large and thick, the color is purple-red to purple-brown, and the quality is good, so it can be cultivated in the four seasons.

2.2 there are three cultivation methods, all of which are 17 cm × 34 cm tube film material, inoculated at both ends, and then cultivated.

2.2.1 bedstead is set up in the same way as Lentinus edodes. Then fasten the two ends of the bacterial bag with a rope, and draw 4'5 longitudinal gaps on the surface of the bag with a blade, which can be discharged (the same below). Generally, it is lying on the bedstead, and after it is full, it needs to be covered with plastic film.

2.2.2 in the hanging shed, there are rows of wooden piles, and the bacterial bags are hung on the wooden stakes. The distance between them is self-defined, and the aisle can be set aside for management. The bacterial bags are hung from the ground to the top of the pile one by one. The distance between the bags is 5 cm. The lower ground of the pile can be laid down. After that, every 3-5 rows of piles can be covered with a whole piece of plastic film.

2.2.3 the sand border type is equipped with several rectangular watertight shallow bed pits, which are covered with river sand, with a thickness of 5cm to 10cm. This method is most suitable for high temperature and drought. Before the discharge, the sand layer is filled with enough water, and then the bacterial bag is discharged. A certain height wooden frame can also be set on the top of the border. The wooden pile hangs the bacterial bag to increase the yield. The discharge and hoisting are well covered with the whole film.

2.3 four seasons management

2.3.1 the bacteria bags were heated and cultured indoors in spring before winter, and mushrooms were discharged in early spring. The greenhouse temperature is controlled at 5: 30 ℃ during the day and above 5: 10 ℃ at night. Spraying water in the greenhouse on a sunny day will lower the greenhouse temperature, but it will not be too low, while the water and moisture will absorb heat and store, and released at night to increase the greenhouse temperature. This is beneficial to prolong the greenhouse temperature above 15 ℃ and promote the growth of Auricularia auricula.

2.3.2 the temperature in summer changes from low to high, which is beneficial to the cultivation of heat-tolerant Auricularia auricula. It is mainly for cooling and moisturizing, one is to remove the greenhouse film and cover the two-layer sunshade net, and the other is to spray water to moisturize, which can reduce the greenhouse temperature by 40.8 ℃ and promote growth.

2.3.3 Autumn is the golden season for the cultivation of Auricularia auricula, it is still necessary to cool and moisturize in early autumn, cover greenhouse film to keep warm in late autumn, and uncover the film to cool down when the temperature is high, in order to obtain high and stable yield.

2.3.4 bacteria bags were cultured at natural temperature in autumn in winter and discharged in early winter. The film can be properly removed to cool down in sunny days, and the film should be covered to keep warm in windy and rainy days. If the temperature is relatively low in late winter, we can strengthen the temperature management and try our best to prolong the temperature time above 15 ℃ so as to promote growth.

3. Key points of cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

There are several varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus, such as high, medium, low temperature type and wide temperature type. The mycelial growth temperature is 5: 36 ℃, the fruiting body is 5: 30 ℃, generally 8: 18 ℃, and the best seed production period is from September to April to May of the following year. Pleurotus ostreatus is resistant to moisture and can spray water directly on the bag and mushroom body during cultivation, and sufficient oxygen is needed during the development of its fruiting body, so the front and back doors and raising greenhouse film should be opened frequently during cultivation to reduce the oxygen supply of skirt membrane.

3.2 there are three cultivation methods, all of which use 22 cm × 44 cm bacterial bags, inoculate at both ends and produce mushrooms.

3.2.1 the bedstead is equipped with the same mushroom, discharge bag, spacing of not less than 5 cm, only one layer, both ends and broken seams can produce mushrooms.

3.2.2 the wall type is like building a wall on the bedstead, and the bacterial bag code is put into a wall type. A bed surface can be stacked into two bag walls with the same length as the bed, with a height of about 3 bacterial bags in diameter, which is a vertical structure and can only produce mushrooms at both ends.

3.2.3 the ground type does not need a bedstead, and the bacterial bags are directly piled into a wall in the shed, with the same length as the shed, with a height of high without falling down, high in the middle and low on both sides, similar to the shed.

3.3 four seasons management

3.3.1 mid-temperature and wide-temperature varieties were selected in autumn (October-December), and the management of fungus discharge and mushroom production began in early October. The main management measure is cooling, ventilation and moisturizing, and the greenhouse temperature should be kept between 8 and 18 ℃.

3.3.2 low temperature and wide temperature varieties are selected in winter (January to February). The main management measure is to keep warm, ventilated and moisturized, and to prolong the greenhouse temperature of 8: 18 ℃ as long as possible in a day.

3.3.3 medium and high temperature varieties were selected in spring (March to June). Heat preservation ventilation-heat preservation measures are the main measures in the early stage, and cooling-ventilation-heat preservation measures are the main measures in the later stage.

3.3.4 High temperature varieties were selected in summer (July to September). Take off the greenhouse film and cover the sunshade net, the main management measure is to cool down, so that the temperature of the greenhouse is below 28 ℃, at the same time, strengthen the management of water, often spray water to cool and moisturize, in order to promote high yield. (source: China Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers Network)