Control methods of main Diseases and insect pests of Edible Fungi

1. Brown rot

Also known as vesicle disease, wet bubble disease and so on. Mainly damage mushrooms, straw mushrooms, mushrooms and so on. The disease is caused by a pathogen called verrucosporium. The main characteristics are as follows: the conidia and chlamydospores of verrucosporium infect only the fruiting body and do not infect the mycelium. When the fruiting body is slightly infected, the stalk is swollen into a bubble deformity, so it is called wet bubble disease. However, the disease is different at different stages of fruiting body development. The fruiting body is infected when it is not differentiated. There is an irregular tissue mass, such as a hard-skinned horse, which is covered with a layer of white fluffy hyphae and gradually turns dark brown, often oozing dark black juice droplets from the diseased tissue. After the differentiation of the cap and stalk, the stalk turned brown, and there were two kinds of white mycelial growth on the fold of the infection.

Route of transmission: Alternaria verrucosa is a common soil fungus, which is caused by the soil and debris around the mushroom house. Therefore, the pathogen of verrucosporium is mainly transmitted to the bacterial bed and clot by covering soil, air, operators, tools, insects, mice and so on.

Prevention and treatment: if the covered soil is contaminated by verruca, pasteurization (60 ℃) can be used for one hour, or 4% formaldehyde can be used to disinfect the soil. It can also be sterilized by spraying carbendazim solution or topiramate solution of 1RU 500 in the covered soil. At the beginning of the disease, you should stop spraying water immediately, increase the ventilation of the mushroom room, and spray 1%-2% formaldehyde solution or 1% 500 carbendazim solution on the culture rack, wall and ground to sterilize. When the disease is serious, it is necessary to remove the original cover soil and replace the new soil; and destroy the diseased mushrooms and disinfect all the tools in a formaldehyde solution with a concentration of 4%.

two。 Blight disease

Also known as death blight, is a physiological disease. Mainly damage mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on. The main characteristics are as follows: after the mushroom bud is formed, the disease can occur in fruiting bodies of different sizes. Stagnant growth after onset, yellowing, gradual atrophy, softening, drying, and finally withering or erosion.

Etiology: the occurrence of this disease is the result of hitting a wall physiologically. The main cause is that the culture material is too dry after the formation of the primordium, which makes the mushroom bud withered; or the mushroom is too dense; the nutrition supply is not enough, so that some small mushrooms die; or the temperature of the mushroom room is too high, the temperature is too large, the ventilation is not good, and the lack of oxygen is caused by the excessive content of carbon dioxide in the air; and the accidental injury of small mushroom buds or excessive mushroom production when picking mushrooms.

Prevention and control measures: when fruiting entities emerge and wither, we should first find out the cause of the disease and take corresponding measures. Do not spray in the mushroom room after mushroom production, otherwise it is easy to cause drug damage. In particular, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus should not be sprayed with dichlorvos during mushroom production.

3. Malformed mushroom disease

It is also a physiological disease. Edible fungi in the formation of fruiting bodies, if encountered adverse environment and conditions, so that the fruiting bodies can not develop normally, it will produce a variety of deformities. The main features are: the cap is small and thin, the handle is slender, and the umbrella opens early. This scene often occurs after the first stubble of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ostreatus, while Lentinus edodes occurs in the first stubble. The main causes are high temperature, lack of light, lack of nutrition and so on.

Pleurotus ostreatus mainly occurs during the fruiting body formation of Pleurotus ostreatus, the fruiting body is coral-shaped or the cap is very small, and the root of the stalk is thick. The main causes are lack of light, poor ventilation, high carbon dioxide content and too little oxygen. The occurrence of fruiting body tilting is usually inclined to the bright side, which is caused by the optical rotation of fruiting body in the growth process, which is mainly caused by the uneven light in the mushroom house. The mycelium that often emerges in different growth processes shrinks, sometimes even dies, mainly because the bacteria do not thrive and do not eat on the new culture material; or the water content of the culture material is not suitable, too dry or too wet; and then the temperature in the material is too high, resulting in burning bacteria, or poor ventilation in the culture material, or the pH in the culture material is not suitable.

There is only one way to prevent and cure it, that is, in the production process, every procedure and every process must be carried out scientifically and solemnly according to plea, so as to avoid causing bad results of one kind or another and causing production failure.

4. Cataplexy

Also known as withered disease, is a fungal disease. It is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum. The main symptom is that after the fruiting body is infected, the medulla of the fungal stalk atrophies and turns brown, and the mushroom body becomes short and no longer grows. In the early stage of the disease and healthy mushrooms, it is not easy to detect the shape, but the cap darkens, the mushroom body no longer grows, and finally becomes a stiff mushroom.

Route of infection: because Fusarium oxysporum can survive in the soil for a long time, transmission through soil is the main route of infection, and it can also be transmitted through air and some appliances.

Prevention and treatment: sterilization of covered soil is the main method to prevent and cure this disease. It is usually sprayed with carbendazim or topiramate solution of 1RU 500 to carry out disinfection.