Chen Xingzong / weed is not the enemy, but the god teammate of the soil, and can also help farmers increase their income.

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After long observation, I found that weeds need six factors, such as seed or vegetative form, sunlight, space, moisture, fertilizer, and root zone respiration, to survive and expand. If we choose one, two and three of the above six factors... Deprivation, can weeds still grow well? The previous article introduced the first four factors, this article continues to introduce two important factors, and the reasonable way to look at weeds (please click here to read the previous article)

Fifth, allowing water energy to move vertically is very important to crops, and grass cultivation is of great help:

Layered soil and soil compaction in Taiwan can be divided into "natural action" and "human activity". Common natural forces are formed by long and many floods over a long period of time, each of which brings soil of different particle sizes to fixed-point settlement, resulting in a layered structure such as layer cake. Continuous artificial ploughing disturbance, mechanical compaction and excessive application of fertilizer will destroy the aggregate structure and cause compaction.

The water in the soil is affected by the capillary force between the small cracks and the suction between the gravity and the interface between the soil particles. The layered structure and compacted soil make the field water molecules significantly affected by capillary force and suction, and limited by horizontal movement (see video description for details)

On the contrary, allowing the water to "move vertically" can induce the root system to expand into a deeper space and achieve a deeper and wider effective soil layer. The more stable the roots are in the deep soil, the healthier the crops are, the less likely they are to be affected by surrounding changes.

There are many ways to make water move vertically. Grass cultivation is one of my common methods. For this reason, we should consider reducing the use of herbicides.

After more than a decade of no weeding, the soil is fertile and soft even without fertilization (Photo / Cai Jiashan)

The negative effect when moisture is limited to the movement of a plane

When the water is limited to move in the plane, the field moisture and temperature will change greatly, the crop root system will be shallow, the effective soil layer will be rigid, the environmental specific heat will become smaller, and the soil ecology will be monotonous. With regard to the above, we can see the following negative effects on the farmers' harvest:

1. The lodging after the wind and rain.

two。 Drought and waterlogging, high and low temperature damage are significant.

3. Persistent damage of soil diseases (such as blight, Fusarium, soft rot, bacterial wilt, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and herbivorous nematodes.

4. The output of agricultural products declined. In particular, it refers to the quantity of products of high quality, not the total output.

5. Impact on the quality of crop products. For example, when the soil is unhealthy, the field heat of mango is relatively high, which affects the storage and transportation life, quality stability and product flavor.

6. The respiration rate of the whole plant increased: the night temperature in the field with this kind of soil would be higher, or anaerobic respiration in the rhizosphere would affect the accumulation of carbohydrates. The sweet and colorful characteristics of the products that farmers care about most will be greatly reduced here.

7. Sunburn: crop water supply fluctuates greatly on this kind of soil, when the crop is short of water (soil moisture does not mean the crop will not lack water), poor evapotranspiration, and the whole plant temperature increases. In high temperature, tissue facing a specific direction of sunlight is easy to be burned by sunlight and cause damage.

8. Disease occurrence: with the high temperature of local tissue caused by the above reasons, the pathogen has invaded sideways and has a warm, humid and nutritious culture medium, and the disease is rampant, how can it be worthy of the warm hospitality of farmers?

Sixth, re-appreciation of weeds is a kind of wisdom:

Farmers are familiar with the disadvantages of weeds, and they even feel pain, but is that the comprehensive nature of weeds? If the way we manage and treat changes, will weeds still disgust us? In ecological management, weeds are not entirely enemies, managers should spend more time to find the answer.

It is sincerely expected that in the 24 hours a day, farmers will not only struggle for survival, but also have spiritual leisure and scientific spirit to learn the wise life of co-existence with sentient beings. It is a kind of cultivation of accomplishment and attitude, which requires a high degree of return to zero and equal treatment of sentient beings. Although it cannot be forced, this is an important subject that modern farmers in Taiwan have to learn.

7. Cultivate God's teammates Alliance:

Among the factors of soil formation, "biological factors" play an important role. Soil organisms can be defined as "some organisms that need to experience life in the soil in their life history, and the soil is an irreplaceable role for these organisms." In other words, stable soil conditions allow these soil creatures to survive healthily, and they are free God teammates of farmers.

The grass cultivation achieves stable soil and environmental conditions, which has always been the living space and performance stage needed by the God teammates Alliance.

Summary: good management of soil and fertilizer, reducing dependence on herbicides and increasing income

To sum up the text, I hope that the methods I have provided above will help you rethink your attitude and actions in the face of weeds. From the perspective of soil and fertilizer management, you can try your best to do a good job as a manager from my point of view. find more bear paws and fish. It can not only increase their own income, but also reduce farmers' dependence on herbicides.

Chen Xingzong / weed is not the enemy, but the god teammate of the soil, and can also help farmers increase their income.

Regain the strength of grass! Series of reports on soil damage caused by herbicide abuse]

The Master of soil wrote a prescription for the specific medicine of Chen Xingzong, a pesticide company: I advise you to stop fattening!

Spread the original wildflower grass blanket in the orchard ~ the result surprised the farmers.

What happens if the orchard hasn't weeded for 12 years? Fertile soil and thriving fruit trees

The highly toxic pesticide paraquat remains banned, and the Council of Agriculture: the substitute spraying system cannot be pushed, and farmers: it is better not to spray farmers for marketing.

Controversy over banning paraquat: rural suicidal labor loss vs higher agricultural production costs, which is less or less serious?

References:

Tetsuro Kato (2019). Super diagram! Soil and fertilizer: a golden partner for a bumper vegetable harvest. Ruili, Taipei. (the original work was published in 2019)

Xu Lingming, Lin Yuzhu, Lai Yongchang, Wang Qingyu (Min 97). Weed phase and chemical control in sweet potato field. Journal of the weed society of the republic of china. 29 (2), 131-139.

Upstream and downstream web pages. Sales of herbicides in Taiwan hit a record high! Annual sales of 2.6 billion yuan, unit area consumption is among the best in the world. (may 106) from https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/herbcides/ch01/ (Jun. 23, 2019)

National suicide Prevention Center. Chen Liqin et al. (2017). Critical moment, turn around life: support the Council of Agriculture to ban paraquat. Checked from https://ppt.cc/fr5aSx (Jun. 22, 2019)

The webpage of Hualien District Agricultural Farm of the Committee of Agriculture of the Executive Yuan, a summary of the introduction of the original grass blanket. (December 106). Checked from https://ppt.cc/ffXjgx (Jun. 23, 2019)

H. Yilmaz, S. Toy, M. A., Irmak, S., Yilmaz, & Y Bulut. (2008). Determination of temperature differences between asphalt concrete, soil and grass surfaces of the City of Erzurum, Turkey. Atm ó sfera. 21 (2).

Weil, R. R., & Brady, N. C. (2016). Nature and Properties of Soils (15th Edition). Columbus: Pearson.

The Renewable Energy site for Do-It-Yourselfers. Gray (2015). Ground Temperatures as a Function of Location, Season, and Depth. Retrieved from https://ppt.cc/fAcW2x (Jun. 23, 2019)

YouTube. Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (2014). Water movement in the soil. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ego2FkuQwxc&t=277s (Jun. 23, 2019)