Notes on the introduction of Edible Fungi, pests and Control of Edible Fungi

I. types of insect pests

1. Bacteria and mosquitoes

Including eye bacteria mosquitoes, small bacteria mosquitoes, large bacteria mosquitoes, mosquitoes and so on. Adults are dark brown or yellowish brown due to different species, with a body length of 1.8 mm to 6 mm. The larvae are milky or grayish white, with a length of 4.7 to 16 mm and a black head. The larvae are mainly harmful to the fruiting body of edible fungi, as well as the culture material and mycelium, resulting in the death or decay of the fruiting body.

2. Sow flies

Including Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila melanogaster, Musca domestica and so on. The adults are brown or black, the antennae are shorter than the mosquitoes, and the larvae are white and headless. The headless larva is the main difference from the fungus mosquito. Adults often feed and lay eggs on decaying fruiting bodies. The larva eats the fruiting body, causing the fruiting body to rot, and it can also damage the mycelium and make the mycelium rot.

3. Jumpers

The common ones are horned jumping insects, black horn jumping insects, black flat jumping insects and so on. With a body length of only 1 mm and 2 mm, he is good at jumping like fleas. It mainly bites the fruiting body, but also harms the mycelium. It is often harmful to live in groups. Make the fruiting body covered with pockmarks. The heavy ones can eat all the young mushrooms and mushroom buds.

4. Caterpillar

The body length is only 0.9 mm, and the velvet worm mainly harms the mycelium and causes the mycelium to wither and die.

5. Mites

There are acaroid mites, cheese mites, grass mites, root mites and so on, the body is tiny, about 0.2-0.6 mm long, not easy to see with the naked eye. The body is colorless in milky white, yellow and white, reddish brown. It can damage mycelium and fruiting body, and can cause no harvest when the damage is serious.

II. Prevention and control methods

1. Clean mushroom house

The mushroom house should be thoroughly cleaned before use, and 800 times more trichlorfon or dichlorvos should be used to kill the pest. If cultivated outdoors, remove weeds around the cultivation site and spray the soil with 200 to 300 times of trichlorfon. Insecticides should also be carried out around the cultivation ground to prevent the invasion of insect sources.

2. Prevent adults from entering the mushroom house

Doors, windows and vents should be cut off with 60-mesh yarn to prevent mosquitoes, mushrooms and flies from entering.

3. Trapping and killing adults

The phototaxis of the adults of mosquitoes and mushroom flies can be used to trap and kill by black light or fluorescent lamp. Hang dichlorvos cotton balls or place dichlorvos medicine pots around the lamp. Can also use honey, molasses and so on to add a small amount of dichlorvos to trap and kill.

4. Chemical control

① mushroom house fumigation-under airtight conditions, fumigation with 2 to 3 pieces of aluminum phosphide per cubic meter of space to kill the source of insects.

② culture material treatment-the former method can be used to fumigate the culture material in order to eliminate the mites in the culture material. Triclofenac can also be used to kill mites, every 50 kg of culture material dosage of 15 ml, add 10 kg of water, evenly sprayed on the material after accumulation for 3 days, a total of 2 times. It can also be mixed with 1000 times of phoxim or 1000 times of dimethoate, 50% of omethoate and 1000 times of omethoate.

③ bed control-when pests are found before mushroom production, the bed can be sprayed with 500x trichlorfon or 500,800 times dichlorvos and 1000 times dichlorvos to kill. When pests occur in the mushroom emergence period, all mushrooms should be harvested before spraying the above pesticides to kill.