Disinfection methods of flower culture soil, causes and solutions of low emergence rate of flower seeds

Many people may encounter this situation: after the seeds of flower seedlings are sown, they may have died half or more when they emerge, and the emergence rate is too low. What is the reason? It is a highly technical work to improve the emergence rate of flower seedling seeds. in order to improve the emergence rate of flower seedling seeds, we should first understand the reasons affecting the emergence rate in order to deal with it reasonably. Here we collect some information on this common phenomenon on the Internet to summarize the reasons for the low emergence rate of flower seedlings and the solutions.

The problem of seeds

At present, there are many flower seeds on the market, and some packaging is also very exquisite. When purchasing, whether domestic seeds or imported seeds, please pay attention to the production date and shelf life marked on the package. Do not buy seeds that do not have a production date and shelf life. Because most of the expired seeds have lost their vitality, they will not germinate and emerge. In addition, when buying seeds, florists should have a basic understanding of them, such as whether the seeds they buy are 2012 flowers or perennial flowers, spring flowers or autumn flowers. According to common sense, seeds sown in spring generally blossom in summer and autumn; seeds sown in autumn generally blossom in spring and summer (except woody flowers). If it is reversed, it is very difficult to achieve the expected flowering goal without certain training equipment. More attention should be paid to purchased seeds, especially to uncultivated flower varieties.

The seeds were not handled properly.

Different seed treatment methods should be adopted for the seeds of different flowers: the seed soaking method can be used for the seeds that are easy to germinate. If a bunch of red seeds are soaked in 40 ℃ of warm water for one day and night, rinse thoroughly and then sow. Hard seeds such as asparagus, peony, Jiulixiang, Bairihong, Daphne, etc., should be soaked in warm water of 40 ℃ for about 48 hours, and then sowed in potted soil. After 20 to 30 days, they can sprout and grow. For the seeds of Pearl Plum and Bauhinia which have a short dormant period and are easy to germinate, the seeds can be sowed directly after soaking in warm water of 40 ℃ to 60 ℃ for 24 to 48 hours.

The seeds of some flowers, such as cloves, wintersweet and some herbaceous flowers sown in autumn, need to be treated at low temperature (0 ℃ to 10 ℃) for a certain period of time to promote post-ripening and break the dormancy of seed embryos to germinate. The specific method is to mix the seeds with sand with 60% humidity, then put them in a plastic bag, tie the mouth of the bag tightly, place it in a flowerpot, and then bury the pot in an open field 40 to 60 centimeters deep; you can also put the seeds in a refrigerator of 3 ℃ to 5 ℃ for 60 to 90 days and sow them in spring. You can also choose to sow seeds in autumn so that the seeds can be naturally frozen outside in winter and germinated and unearthed the following spring.

The seeds of some flowers, such as tassel and peony, have the characteristics of double dormancy of radicle and Hypocotyl, that is, the radicle needs to go through a high temperature stage of 25 ℃ to 32 ℃ for 1 to 2 months or more. For this kind of seed, it must be mixed with wet sand before sowing, after a period of high temperature, and then transferred to low temperature, after high temperature treatment, spring sowing can germinate quickly.

Didn't pay attention to the temperature when the seeds germinated.

The germination of dried seeds must not only have certain water conditions, but also have a certain suitable temperature. For example, the suitable temperature for germination of Cruciferae Snowball, Gerbera and Primula must be 5 ℃ to 20 ℃, 20 ℃ to 25 ℃ and 15 ℃ to 18 ℃ respectively. Too high or too low temperature will affect the emergence rate of flowers, especially the occurrence of mildew and rot of seeds, which greatly reduces the germination rate and seedling rate of seeds.

The sowing time is not good enough.

Seeds with small grains and thin skins, such as chrysanthemum, asparagus, impatiens, hundred-day red, Lingxiao and other flowers, are suitable for sowing in late spring; seeds with large particles, solid bark or oily seeds, such as rose, pomegranate, kumquat, magnolia and other flowers, are suitable for sowing in autumn. Seeds with small particles, thin bark and high temperature should be sown in time after maturity, such as cyclamen, melon and leaf chrysanthemum and other flowers should be sown in early summer. Flowers such as carnation and pansy should be sown in late autumn.

Improper sowing methods of flower seeds

Flower sowing can be divided into two ways: open field sowing and pot sowing, and the sowing methods are sowing, strip sowing and hole sowing. No matter which method requires loose and aerated soil, small particles, sanitary and non-toxic, rich in humus nutrients, moderate pH, which is conducive to seed emergence. It is necessary to pour enough water before sowing, cover the flowerpot with plastic film or cover the flowerpot with glass sheet after sowing to protect soil moisture and prevent the dry soil from affecting seed germination and emergence. The sowing depth should be about 2.5 times of the flower grain diameter. Small seeds, such as cockscomb, August chrysanthemum, begonia, melon and leaf chrysanthemum and other flowers, should be mixed with fine sand or soil powder and sprinkled on the seeds. During the period of seed germination after sowing, attention should be paid to spraying water to keep moisture, but it should not be sprayed too much, so as to prevent the decrease of soil temperature or retting the roots of seeds and seedlings, which is disadvantageous to increase the emergence rate.

Ignore the influence of light

After the flower seeds are sown, the light can increase the soil temperature and induce the seed germination, especially for the seeds to break through the seed coat and sprout. It not only affects the emergence rate of seeds, but also directly related to the growth of good seedlings, strong seedlings. Therefore, the stage from sowing to transplanting seedlings should be a process from dark to weak light and then to natural light. According to the different stages of sowing, germination and seedling emergence, we should try our best to meet the needs of light for flower growth.