Pruning technique of bonsai of fruit trees

Fruit trees in the pot of annual growth is large, if allowed to grow its fruit is also difficult to control. To maintain a perfect, compact tree shape and effectively control growth and fruiting, prune several times a year. From the pruning period, it can be divided into dormant pruning (winter pruning) and growing pruning (summer pruning).

Fruit trees can be pruned during both dormancy and growth periods, but pruning at different periods has different tasks.

Dormancy pruning, i.e. winter pruning, is carried out from normal defoliation in autumn to germination in the following year. At this time, the stored nutrients of fruit trees have been transferred from branches to branches and roots, and stored. There is less loss of nutrients, and because there are no leaves, it is easy to analyze tree structure and pruning response. Therefore, winter pruning is the main pruning period for most fruit trees; however, there are exceptions, such as walnut trees, which cause bleeding during dormancy and must be pruned before autumn defoliation or after spring germination and before flowering; grapes also have bleeding before germination, and pruning should be avoided during this period.

The main pruning tasks of fruit trees in winter are to cultivate main branches, balance tree vigor, adjust subordinate relations, cultivate fruiting branch groups, control auxiliary branches, promote the growth or formation of flower buds of some branches, control branch quantity, adjust the proportion of growing branches to fruiting branches and flower bud quantity, control crown size and density, improve light conditions in crown bore, and renew and prune senescent trees.

The growing season is pruned in spring, summer and autumn. Spring pruning, which is carried out after germination and before flowering in spring, is divided into pre-flowering multiple pruning and late pruning. Pre-anthesis pruning is a review and supplement of winter pruning tasks, mainly to further regulate growth potential and flower quantity. For example, apple flower buds are difficult to identify, you can consciously leave more "flower buds" in winter shear, in the flower bud opening to flowering before a re-cut, thinning out too many flower buds, retraction of long branch groups, this is conducive to flower control, improve fruit set rate and fruit branch group culture. Before and after budding of young trees, the opening angle of auxiliary branches should be increased and girdling should be carried out at the same time to improve the budding rate and increase the number of branches, which is beneficial to early fruiting of young trees. Late pruning refers to cutting off the sprouted part of varieties with low germination rate and poor branching ability after germination. This "late pruning" measure has the effect of increasing germination rate, increasing branch quantity and weakening apical dominance, and is a common technique for early fruiting of young trees.

Summer is the vigorous period of fruit tree growth, but also a good time to control prosperous growth, many fruit trees use summer pruning to control branch potential, reduce nutrient consumption, to ease tree vigor, flower bud formation and improve fruit setting rate, but also to improve the internal lighting conditions of the crown, improve fruit quality. Common measures are branch angle, pruning, branch twist. Circumcision and ring carving are indispensable technical measures for grape, peach and apple saplings.

Pruning overgrown trees before autumn defoliation can control tree vigor and branch growth. At this time, thinning large branches and retracting pruning have less stimulation on local areas, and are often used for some tree species and varieties that are sensitive to pruning response. Cutting off the late mature or poorly lignified parts of new shoots in autumn can make fruit trees enter dormancy stage early and help young trees overwinter. Pruning in the growing period loses more nutrients and reduces the growth of the year. Pruning should not be too heavy to avoid weakening the tree too much.

In short, pruning in different periods has some characteristics, and production should be coordinated and comprehensively applied according to specific conditions. At present, it is wrong to pay attention to winter pruning and neglect growing season pruning in production.

Time: 2019-06-12 Click: