New standardized cultivation techniques of pollution-free broccoli and control of common physiological diseases of orchids

Broccoli and broccoli are a variety of cabbage. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards in urban and rural areas, there are more and more requirements for the diversification of vegetable varieties, and its cultivation area has expanded year by year, and now it has become one of the most common important vegetables in people's life. In this paper, the new standardized cultivation techniques of pollution-free broccoli are described as follows:

I. Variety selection

The varieties with high resistance to virus disease and heat tolerance were selected for open field cultivation. Such as excellent, green belt, green ridge and so on. Use 20 grams of seed per mu.

2. Raising seedlings

Select 2 parts of fertile garden soil that have not planted cruciferous vegetables in the past three years and 1 part of fully mature sieve ring fertilizer, and mix 1 kg of ternary compound fertilizer at 15:15:15 per cubic meter or elemental fertilizer with corresponding nutrients for use. Spread the bed soil into a nursery bed with a thickness of about 10 cm. Mix 25% metalaxyl wettable powder with 70% Dysenbutene wettable powder at 9:1, 8-10 grams per square meter with 4-5 kg sifted fine soil, 2 beat 3 on the bed when sowing, 1 hand 3 covered on the seed. When sowing, pour enough bottom water, and then cover with a layer of fine soil (or medicinal soil). Spread the seeds evenly on the bed surface and cover the soil 0.6-0.8 cm. Raise seedlings in summer and autumn in open field, use small and medium-sized arch shed to raise seedlings, cover sunshade net or old film, shade and prevent rain. The ground is covered with straw. When the seedlings grow to the 2-leaf stage, divide the seedlings into the nutrition bowl. After seedling separation, the bed soil should not be watered without drought, watering should be watered or sprayed, water thoroughly 7 days before planting, and seedlings should be stored 1-2 days later. Sunshade net should be used to prevent sun exposure after seedling separation, and 20 mesh insect-proof net should be buckled to prevent insects if possible. Strong seedling standard: the plant is strong, with 5-6 leaves, and the seedling days are not more than 45 days. The leaves are thick with wax powder, the roots are well developed, and there are no diseases and insect pests.

III. Colonization

According to the characteristics of varieties, climatic conditions and soil fertility, the row spacing of early-maturing varieties was 50 cm, the plant spacing was 40-50 cm, and the row spacing of middle-maturing varieties was 60-70 cm.

IV. Field management

1. Slow seedling stage: slow seedling water was watered 4-5 days after planting, and then combined with mid-tillage to cultivate soil 1-2 times. The greenhouse should be heated and kept warm, and the suitable temperature should be 20-22 ℃ during the day and 10-12 ℃ at night. The greenhouse should be covered with bitter grass and equipped with a small arch shed.

2. Rosette stage: the seedling stage is long to disk-shaped, and watering should be controlled for a period of time, that is, squatting seedlings, middle and late maturity for 10-15 days. After the end of squatting seedlings, it is necessary to apply 3-5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu combined with watering, and foliar spraying with 0.2% greenhouse sand solution for 1-2 times.

3. Heading period: keep the soil moist. Combined with watering, 2-4 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1-3 kg of potassium fertilizer were applied. At the same time, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was foliar sprayed 1-2 times. The watering times and amount of water should be controlled in the later stage of heading. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer shall not be applied 20 days before harvest.