Modeling Technology of Fruit Tree Bonsai

Bonsai fruit trees have both shape and fruit, brilliant characteristics, ornamental value all the year round, exquisite flowers in spring, luxuriant branches and leaves in summer, plenty of fruit in autumn, vigorous in winter, full of interest in life. The bonsai of fruit trees should have a certain shape and artistic conception. According to the species and variety characteristics of fruit trees, the bonsai of fruit trees can be shaped into a variety of shapes, such as natural round head shape, tower shape, double-branch deer horn shape, three-branch cup shape, weeping willow shape, dragon curve shape and so on. In shaping the shape of the tree, it should not only be beneficial to the fruit of potted fruit trees, but also have ornamental value.

The commonly used measures to promote flower dwarfing, shaping and pruning are wiping buds, coring, taking branches, twigs, ring cutting, retraction, pulling branches and so on. It can also enhance the light by opening branch angle and thinning only long branches, dense branches, ineffective branches and other methods to create an ideal shape of fruit tree bonsai. After the grafting survives and grows normally, in order to enhance the aging of bonsai, a grafting knife can be used to carve several curves on the tree trunk.

In the growing season, silk can be used to wrap around the branches of fruit trees to fix the desired tree shape. In addition, drugs can also be used to dwarf trees. For example, during the growing period of bonsai of fruit trees (summer), plant growth retarders are sprayed on the leaves for 2 to 3 times, such as paclobutrazol, B9, dwarf, etc., which can make the branches stout, internodes shorter, and plants dwarf.

After the fruit tree is ripe, in order to increase the ornamental effect, you can spread a layer of moss in the basin to cover the basin soil, and you can also add decorations, stones or grass according to the shape and meaning, and choose an appropriate name according to your own preferences and bonsai artistic conception.

[root modeling method]

1. The method of changing the basin: each time the basin is changed, the root system of the tree is lifted up, so that the soil surface exceeds the basin surface, and the foundation is gradually exposed with daily watering. You can also artificially use bamboo sticks, sticks and so on to gradually remove the soil from the basin until the desired dew effect.

2. The method of removing soil. In order to expose the roots of the trees, the trees can be buried in a deeper basin, fertile soil can be placed at the bottom of the basin, and fillers such as river sand or slag can be placed at the top of the basin to guide the root system to grow downward according to the fertilizer characteristics of the root growth. in this way, the upper filler can be gradually removed, so that the root part is gradually exposed, until all the fillers are removed and the root system is exposed.

3. Package method: for some fruit tree bonsai planted in a shallow basin for cultivation, in order to ensure the survival rate and expose its roots, tiles and boards can be selected on the basin surface to form a looper in a circle with the shape of the basin, that is, to increase the original height of the basin, and then add river sand and other fillers in the sleeve. After the looper is removed in a certain period of time, the foundation can be exposed on the basin surface.

[dry styling method]

1. Bending method: when the trunk is thicker, in order to prevent breaking, the parts that need to be bent can be wrapped with flax, plastic sheeting and other things before bending, and then bend hard. If it is still difficult to bend, you can use a hand saw to saw several times in the area where you need to bend, and the saw blade is as deep as xylem 1 / 2-1 / 3. Then bend the trunk to join the saw and wrap it with plastic sheeting. The curved trunk needs to be tied and fixed with lead wire and hemp rope, and can be healed and formed after 3-4 months in the growing season.

When there is only 2-3cm for the trunk and there is no scar on the part that needs to be bent, it is often wrung out before the tree sprouts in spring, and the method is to hold both ends of the curved part with both hands, twist hard to make its xylem crack, and then bend or even knot and bind and fix it, after years, a strange and beautiful dry shape can be formed.

2. Truncation method: some of the collected stumps have a good shape at the base, while the upper trunk and branches are straight and long, and are not suitable for bending modeling, the method of truncation before sprouting in spring can be used to retain beautiful stumps and crowns. After truncation, the direction of the tree can not only be adjusted, but also the proportion of coarse change can be increased, and the morphological skeleton of the natural big tree can be formed in a small space. You can also deliberately increase the wound or even cause the wound to tear according to the modeling needs, so as to cultivate the state of the old tree.

3. Borrowing and substitution method: for bonsai with better upper shape and thinner, higher and straighter lower trunk, it often has the suspicion of insipid base and top-heavy, so it can cover ugliness and beauty, make up for the emptiness, balance and stabilize the upper and lower parts, increase the situation, and improve the ornamental value.

Another method is to carve a longitudinal crack or longitudinal piercing hole in the graceful dead pile and tie up the outer cloth strip firmly after inserting the trunk. With the thickening of the trunk, the embedded part becomes tighter and tighter, and gradually covers the traces of chimerism, just like an ancient pile full of posture and vitality. It is also interesting to embed cadres in stone cracks.

[modeling method of branches]

The processing requirements of fruit tree bonsai are not as meticulous and strict as those of foliage bonsai, first of all, most of the current year's branches must be pruned in winter and locally reshaped through pruning; secondly, in order to ensure fruit development, a sufficient number of leaves must be retained, and many tree species bear fruit at the top of the branches, so improper treatment will affect the results of the current year and the following year. In addition, after fruiting, especially the fruits of large fruit trees, the branches are often bent or even drooped and the original shape is changed. Therefore, the shape of bonsai branches of fruit trees is mainly to make efforts on the layout and shape of the main branches according to the needs of plastic surgery. For the local branchlets, in addition to the timely treatment of affecting the tree shape, most of them are rougher combined with promoting flowers, protecting fruits and maintaining the tree shape. Of course, the processing of small bonsai branches is very strict, because its branches are very few, and the ornamental requirements are very high.

The selection and retention of the main branches: the selection and retention of the main branches should be subject to the needs of the overall shape, generally 2-3 should be selected, focusing on their shape, orientation, hierarchy and coordination with the whole. We should not only have a clear hierarchy and orderly extension, but also avoid multiplicity, chaos, density and complexity. For those parallel branches, cross branches, reverse branches, erect branches, opposite branches, whorled branches, etc., should be removed or truncated.

The bending of branches is mainly realized by pruning and banding. The pruning method mainly uses the direction of the bud to adjust the direction of the branch, which becomes a vigorous and powerful twist after many pruning. If the need for change is more expensive, it can be pruned by cultivating the back branch and retracting the front part.

Flat binding is often carried out with hard wire (metal wire) and soft wire brown wire and plastic rope. The wire binding is simple and easy, and it can stretch and bend freely, but it is a little troublesome to remove it. The type of lead wire used should be flexibly controlled according to the thickness of branches. When banding, first fix one end of the wire at the base or intersection of the branch, and then stick to the bark for winding. When winding, the density of the wire should be moderate, and the angle of the branch should be 45 degrees. The twisting direction of the branch should be consistent with the direction of wire winding, and twisting while winding is not easy to break. The twisted branches can be fixed after growing for one year, and the wire should be removed in time.

When using brown wire or plastic rope, tie the rope to the lower end of the pulled branch, slowly bend the branch to the desired angle, and then tighten the rope to fix the upper end. The key to the operation is to select the focus, you can first use your hands to fix the branches according to the direction and angle required by the design, and then choose the position of the brown silk knot. The annual growth of some fruit trees is relatively large, so it is necessary to remove the rope in time to avoid sinking the xylem in the cortex and causing branch break.

There are three main market advantages of cultivating bonsai on trees: first, it has the ornamental value of beautiful shape, green and red leaves; second, it can improve the bad air and show the environmental protection value of green and organic; third, it has sweet, delicate and delicious practical value; fourth, it has the economic value of long life and easy management.

In the early stage (3-5 years) of the fruit tree, the model branches were cultured on the auxiliary branches, and the model branches were cultivated on the back of the branches in the middle and later stages (5 years later). According to the degree of influence of the two modeling branches on the surrounding branches, the heavy ones were in the front and the light ones were in the rear order, and the suitable position of the base was selected to grow roots. After rooting, the roots were cut off and put into a pot for 15 days after the roots turned yellow, that is, a pot of fruit trees. In order not to affect the normal growth and fruit of fruit trees, and to maintain the basic balance between aboveground and underground growth of fruit trees, each tree only takes two modeling branches (crown diameter less than 67 cm) and 74 modeling branches (bonsai of fruit trees) per mu every year. The bonsai of each pot of fruit trees is valued at 500 yuan, and the income can be 500 yuan × 7437 000 yuan. Therefore, the market promotion potential of fruit tree bonsai is great.

Time: 2019-06-10 Click: