Identification and control of flower pests and storage methods of flower seeds

There are many kinds of flower pests, which can be divided into the following categories according to the parts and ways in which the pests harm flowers.

1. Leaf-eating pests

The mouthparts of these pests are chewable, and when harmful, they nibble away at the leaves of flowers, causing damage to the leaves, and in serious cases, all the leaves can be eaten up. Common pests are yellow thorns, big bridge worms, beetles, as well as snails, slugs, rat women and other harmful animals. They bite leaves and buds.

2. Stab sucking pests

The mouthparts of such pests, such as needles, can be pierced into flower and plant tissues (leaves or tender tips). Absorb the nutrition of flower and plant tissue, make the leaves dry and fall off, and the damaged leaves lose green and turn white or brown. These pests have small individuals, a wide variety of species and are sometimes difficult to detect. Common aphids, crustaceans, whiteflies, thrips, leaf mites and so on. Some of these pests can secrete honeydew and some can be divided into wax. Not only pollute the leaves and branches of flowers, but also easily lead to coal pollution, it looks as if there is a thick layer of pulverized coal on the leaves and branches. The mites in this kind of insects can spin silk and form a net, and when it is serious, the net can adhere to leaves and branches, which is very easy to find, and it is also a period of serious insect pests.

3. Borer pests

These pests eat food in the branches and stems of flowers. Eat the stems and branches and make them die. Such as chrysanthemum longicorn beetle, Dahlia borer, rose stem wasp and so on. Some drilled into the blade harm, the blade can see the drilled tunnel, causing the leaf to dry up and die.

4. Soil culture pests

These pests live in the shallow and surface layers of the soil all their lives. Flower victims often cause plant wilting or death, such as ground tiger, golden needle worm, mole cricket and so on.

II. Inspection and identification

1. Check insect droppings: check for insect droppings around flowers and trees on the ground and on branches. For pests that drill into the branches, check whether there are feces and sawdust scattered on the ground. Longicorn beetles excreted insect feces and sawdust are mostly silk-shaped, while wood beetles are granular and adhered into strings.

2. Check excreta and secretions: check whether there is oil pollution in the branches and leaves of flowers and trees. It is found that these substances are generally produced by pests such as honeydew and wax, mainly aphids, scale insects, whitefly piercing mouthsucker pests.

3. Check the eggs: large eggs and egg blocks are visible to the naked eye. Tiny eggs can be examined with a magnifying glass. Generally, eggs are laid in branches, leaves, bud axils and other places, such as red spider eggs hidden on the back of leaves, tentorial caterpillar eggs on branches, aphid eggs in bud axils, locust eggs in the soil. Due to the different living habits and spawning sites of all kinds of pests, we look for them in their spawning sites in order to further identify the harm of insect pests and show early control.

4. Flapping inspection: for some insect pests that can fly, it can be found by flapping or shaking the leaves of branches. Red spiders and other small, difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, you can choose several representative places of flowers, put on the white paper, and then shake it off on the white paper, you can know whether the red spider occurred or not.

5, check the damage: flowers and trees leaves, branches have been gnawed bad places, such as holes, lack of engraving, sieve, and so on. There are either curled leaves or foreign bodies growing on the branches, withered tips or dead branches.

6. Check the pests in the soil: check the soil surface for any anomalies. Such as mole cricket topsoil walking, the soil surface has protruding traces. Some beetle adults lurk under the flower rhizome topsoil, which can be found by poking away the topsoil.

III. Prevention and control methods

L. Strict quarantine

Quarantine is a measure that a country or an administrative agency uses laws and regulations to prohibit or restrict the artificial introduction or transmission of dangerous pests from the outside and limit their spread. This ensures that we are protected from pests when we introduce ornamental flower seeds, seedlings and potted flowers.

2. Horticultural control

1. Cultivation measures: this is a basic measure of plant protection, according to the occurrence and harm of some diseases and pests, put forward certain requirements for external environmental conditions and parasitic conditions, through a series of technical measures such as improving cultivation, maintenance and management. Avoid the emergence of an environment conducive to pest breeding.

2. Soil disinfection: no matter what kind of soil is planted, it is necessary to understand its characteristics, choose the soil needed by plants as far as possible, fully ferment the stacked soil, clean the countryside frequently, remove weeds, eliminate the intermediate hosts of pests and overwintering and summer places.

3. Biological control: using natural enemies to control pests. The natural enemies of flower pests are very abundant. There are ladybugs, lacewings, aphid flies, parasitic wasps and so on. It should be fully protected, propagated and utilized to eliminate pests. Try to avoid harming natural enemies in chemical control. Pest control with bacteria is the use of fungi, bacteria, viruses or their metabolites that can cause disease to pests. To control mites with mites is to use predatory mites to control red spiders on flowers in greenhouse.

4. physical and mechanical prevention and control: trapping and killing by light and color. Black light is used to attract phototaxis pests. Yellow board viscose can be used to trap and kill winged aphids in flower cultivation. Heat treatment can expose the basin soil in summer and eliminate soil nematodes.