Matters needing attention in soilless cultivation of flowers, application methods and techniques of flower fertilizer

I. Fertilizer application method

The basic principles are timely, appropriate, small and repeated, diligent and sparse. Especially for powdered chemical fertilizers, the dilution multiple of adding water should be moderate to avoid fertilizer injury; the application position of fertilizer should be buried at the edge of the basin or far away from the root as far as possible to avoid direct contact with the root of the plant and not hurt the root; outdoor plants have a large demand for nutrients, strong photosynthesis and more fertilizer, while plants in shady places need less fertilizer; plants with rapid growth and strong growth potential need more fertilizer, while those with weak growth potential need less fertilizer. Accurate preparation according to the prescribed concentration.

Second, fertilization methods can be divided into root fertilization and foliar spraying.

1. Root fertilization can be divided into spreading application, hole application, strip application and ring application. Spreading: the fertilizer is evenly distributed on the soil surface of the planting area, which is convenient to use, but the fertilizer is easy to lose and the utilization rate is low. Strip application: in a strip planting garden, dig trenches between crop rows, apply fertilizer and cover the soil. Hole application: dig a hole near the plant and cover the soil after applying fertilizer. This method is suitable for plants that need more fertilizer or are more concentrated. Ring application: suitable for perennial fruit trees, dig ditches about 30cm depth along the dripping line of fruit trees, and cover soil after application.

two。 Foliar fertilization, dissolve fertilizer in water, form fertilizer solution and spray on plant leaves, the fertilizer used should be soluble in water, do not contain toxic substances and will not burn leaves.

The advantages of foliar fertilization are as follows: rapid absorption and timely supplement of nutrients; increase leaf photosynthesis intensity, leaf respiration efficiency and enzyme activity; avoid nutrient fixation, high utilization rate, and save fertilizer; not limited by matrix (soil) environment and matrix (soil) conditions; timely correct the lack of elements.

The requirements of foliar fertilizer: the proportion of elements should be reasonable to avoid antagonism between elements, ph should be controlled in a reasonable range (5.5 ~ 6.5), buffer capacity should be strong, ph value of matrix should not change greatly due to physiological reaction, EC value is low, and it is safe to use. Raw materials have high purity and do not contain harmful salt ions (na+, cl-, so42-, etc.) Trace elements are chelated to improve the absorption effect of trace elements; nitrogen sources should be a variety of (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, urea nitrogen), the proportion should be reasonable to ensure the nutritional needs of plants in different periods.

Improve the utilization rate of fertilizer

Fertilization can promote crop growth, but it should not be applied blindly. Fertilization must be targeted according to different soil (medium) conditions, different crops and different growth periods, otherwise it will not promote growth. On the contrary, it will cause physiological obstacles to plants and affect normal growth. Therefore, corresponding fertilization measures should be taken according to the actual situation to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

1. The combination of controlled-release fertilizer and water-soluble available fertilizer ensures an adequate supply of nutrients in every growth process of plants.

two。 The acidity and alkalinity of cultivated soil (medium) should be strictly controlled. According to scientific research, most nutrient elements are easily absorbed and utilized by plants with ph between 5.5 and 6.5, and their effectiveness is high. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor and control the acidity and alkalinity of soil (medium) to maximize the effectiveness of nutrient elements.

3. The best fertilizer formula should be chosen according to the different growth stages of plants.

The seedling stage is the vegetative growth period of plants and the key period of plant growth. In order to make plants grow healthily, we should not only increase the content of nitrogen in fertilizer, but also consider the balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and add appropriate trace elements to promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves. For example, using Austrian green manure as base fertilizer, topdressing Huaduoduo No. 1 (20mur20Mel 20) and Huaduo10 (30Mel 10Mel 10) for foliar spraying.

Phosphorus can promote root development and flowering of plants. In order to promote flower bud differentiation, to increase carbohydrates and increase the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, it is suggested to use Huaduo2 (10Muo30Muo20) or Huaduo15 (9Muo45Mu15) as foliar spraying.

In order to make the bud larger and more, Huaduoduo No. 2 (10mur30MI20) was sprayed at flowering stage.

The fruiting stage is the end of the plant growth cycle. Water-soluble quick-acting fertilizer should be sprayed with high phosphorus and potassium, and calcium and magnesium should be supplemented to improve fruit sugar content, enhance fruit disease resistance, adapt to long-distance transportation and prolong storage time. Huaduo23 (15-5-15-5ca-2mg) should be used to spray.

4. Apply special fertilizer according to different physiological characteristics to "supplement what you need". Special fertilizers are produced by fertilizer manufacturers according to the physiological characteristics and growth requirements of different plants, such as Huaduoduo No. 3 (Christmas red special fertilizer 15 / 20 / 25), Huaduoduo 20 (cuckoo special fertilizer 21 / Mel 7 / 7) and so on.

5. The fertilizer used in different water quality is also different, such as soft water area should pay attention to supplement calcium and magnesium.

6. Fertilization time is also very important. In the case of high temperature in sunny days, fertilization should be chosen before 10 o'clock in the morning, after 04:00 in the afternoon, to avoid fertilization in the sun; to avoid fertilization in rainy days, especially foliar fertilizer, to avoid fertilizer loss.

7. Each plant has the best fertilization scheme, different plants, different kinds of fertilizers and different formulations.