To understand the relationship between flower planting and meteorological conditions, and the types of flower virus diseases.

1. Carnation virus disease

(1)Carnation mottle virus (Car-MV)

Carnation mottle virus belongs to the genus Carnation mottle virus. The diseased carnation shows mottled leaves and broken flowers. The virus spread by liquid method and occurred in all carnation cultivation bases in Yunnan Province, with an incidence of 60-70%.

(2)Carnation vasculitis mottle virus (CVMV)

Carnation vein mottle virus belongs to potyvirus genus. The vasculitis of young carnation leaves shows uneven mottle and necrosis, and irregular chlorotic spots can also appear. Generally, bad spots of different shades are produced on the leaves. The virus is transmitted non-persistently by French fluids and peach aphids. It occurs in all carnation cultivation bases in Yunnan Province, with an incidence of 20-30%.

(3)Carnation latent virus (CLV)

Carnation latent virus belongs to carnation latent virus genus. Carnation with disease generally does not produce symptoms or light mosaic, and complex infection with carnation leaf mottle virus causes serious mosaic of carnation. The virus is transmitted non-persistently by French fluids and peach aphids. It occurs in all carnation cultivation bases in Yunnan Province, and is often infected by carnation vein mottle virus, with an incidence of 20-30%.

(4)Carnation etch ring virus (CERV)

Carnation ring virus belongs to mosaic cauliflower virus. The symptoms of this virus are not obvious in general, but in large flower carnation varieties, it often produces ring-shaped, annular or wide strip necrosis spots on leaves, which are most obvious in seedling stage. When the disease is severe, many gray-white ring spots can be connected into large disease spots, making the leaves curly and deformed. The disease is latent during the hot season. The virus is transmitted non-persistently by French fluids and peach aphids. Poorly managed flower beds have an incidence of 40-50%.

(5)Carnation necrotic fleekvirus (CNFV)

Carnation necrotic mottle virus belongs to long-line virus genus. The middle leaves of diseased carnation plants are gray to pale yellow necrotic mottled or irregular stripes or stripes, and the lower leaves are purple spots and stripes. Later, as the plant grows, the symptoms spread upward, causing the leaves to wither and die. The virus is transmitted non-persistently through sap and peach aphids. In general, it is difficult to inoculate with sap, but it is easy to inoculate on American carnation, which can be used as a diagnostic parasite of carnation necrotic spot virus. The incidence of poorly managed flowerbeds is 50-60%.

2. Gladiolus virus disease

Because of virus infection, Gladiolus plants produce stem and leaf atrophy, root rot, flower deformation, metamorphosis, affect or lose ornamental value. At present, Gladiolus varieties are degenerating in China, and virus disease is one of the important factors. Leaf-streaking symptoms produce chlorotic spots on the leaves, resulting in distortion, dwarfing of plants, metamorphosis and reduction of flowers.

3. chrysanthemum virus disease

There are many kinds of viruses harmful to chrysanthemum, and more than 20 kinds have been reported. Seven species have been identified in China. Different viruses cause different symptoms in chrysanthemum, sometimes different varieties of chrysanthemum infected with the same virus, symptoms are also different. Chrysanthemum in the cultivation, often at the same time by several viruses compound infection, symptoms aggravated, open leaves, mottle, ring spots, withered spots, deformity, dwarfing, yellowing and other complex symptoms. Due to the variety, growth period and cultivation environment, sometimes there are hidden symptoms, sometimes the symptoms are obvious, and the symptoms disappear.

(1)Chrysanthemum B virus (CVB)

Chrysanthemum virus B belongs to the genus Carnation latent virus. The infected chrysanthemum showed mild mosaic or no symptoms on the leaves of chrysanthemum, and could form obvious mosaic symptoms or necrotic spots on the susceptible varieties of chrysanthemum, and brown withered spots on the severely susceptible varieties. Chrysanthemum B virus is transmitted by sap, cuttings, peach aphids and potatoes, and occurs commonly on chrysanthemum flowers, with an incidence of 60-65%. The virus not only damages chrysanthemum, but also damages many plants such as wild chrysanthemum, marigold area, aster, melon, garland chrysanthemum, pearl chrysanthemum, wax chrysanthemum, zinnia, petunia, etc.

(2)chrysanthemum stunt-like virus (CSVD)

Chrysanthemum dwarf virus belongs to the genus potato spindle tuber virus. Disease chrysanthemum cotyledons become small, abnormal, plant short flowers. Some varieties show broken flowers. Sap spread, grafting can be spread with knives, dodder can also spread, a few can be planted. It is common in chrysanthemum cultivation base and ornamental chrysanthemum in parks in Yunnan Province, and the incidence is 20-30%.

(3)vein mottle

Chrysanthemum leaves appear vein-like yellow mottled, so that the leaves lose their due vitality, was listless, small flowers, sometimes can not open. The pathogen is chrysanthemum vein mottle virus. The virus was mainly transmitted through sap, grafting and Sitaphis chrysanthemi. In addition to harm chrysanthemum, but also harm wild chrysanthemum and Cleveland smoke.

4. Lily virus disease

The virus overwintered mainly in bulbs and became the infection source at the beginning of the second year, and the reinfection in the field was mainly caused by aphid transmission. The disease occurs seriously when there are many diseased bulbs, dry weather and a large number of aphids.

Lily symptom less virus (LSV)

Lily disease-free virus belongs to carnation latent virus genus. Generally, it does not produce any special disease spots on leaves, the whole plant is yellow, internodes are shortened, plants are dwarfed, leaves are yellow and atrophied. Sap, Myzus persicae and Aphis lilii are transmitted. It is often infected with cucumber leaf virus. The disease occurs in lily cultivation bases in Yunnan Province, with an incidence of 40-50%.

5. Gerbera virus disease

Yellow and green mosaic symptoms are formed on the leaves. Both sap and a variety of aphids can transmit viruses. A mosaic forms on the diseased leaves. The disease occurred occasionally in lily cultivation bases in Yunnan Province, and the incidence was 1-10%.

6. A string of red virus disease

A string of red virus disease, also known as a string of red mosaic disease, is the most common disease of a string of red, all over the car have occurred. After the plant was infected, the leaves mainly showed light and green mosaic, yellow and green mosaic, serious leaf surface uneven, even fern leaf symptoms, the number of flowers decreased sharply, the plant dwarf. The pathogens are wild cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a string of red virus 1 (Salvivirus 1), beet top blight and broad bean wilt virus.

7. peony virus disease

(1)Peony ring spot virus (PRV)

Virus particles spherical, 27 nanometers. Difficult to rub grafting sap, can be spread by aphids. Peony ring spot virus (PRV) produces green and light green concentric ring spots on leaves, small bad spots, small and dwarfed plants.

(2)Tobacco brittle virus (TRV)

There are two kinds of virions, the long one is 190 nm and the short one is 45-115 nm. TRV produces ring spots or ring spots of different sizes, sometimes irregular, and can be inoculated with sap. Nematode, dodder and peony seeds can transmit virus.

(3)Peony leaf curl virus (PLCV)

transmitted by grafting. PLCV caused obvious dwarfing of plants, thin and twisted lower branches, yellow and curly leaves. PRV, PLCV harm peony, peony;TRV in addition to peony, peony, but also harm hyacinth, narcissus, tulips and other flowers.

8. orchid virus disease

It is an important disease in orchid cultivation. Orchids with virus disease will be lifelong disease, even if the new young leaves, buds are also infected with the virus, to bring huge losses in orchid production. Orchid virus diseases mainly include orchid mosaic disease, dental orchid ring spot disease, orchid flower breakage disease and so on.

(1)Cymbi-dium Mosaic Virus (CyMV)

Cymbidium mosaic disease is also called orchid black streak disease, orchid leaf necrosis disease. It is generally distributed in orchid producing areas and has a moderate degree of harm. Chlorotic spots and necrotic spots appeared on the leaves of susceptible plants, and local necrosis appeared on the leaves inoculated with Catalan. Cymbidium mosaic virus,SyMV, is the pathogen of Cymbidium mosaic virus. The virus is generally transmitted by sap, mechanical contact, and aphids. After infection, most of the plants formed necrotic spots or mosaic on the leaves. Experiments show that the water poured out of the poisoned orchids and poured into the non-toxic orchids pot can also make the non-toxic orchids carry the virus. Therefore, for valuable orchid varieties should be isolated cultivation.

(2)Odontolossum ringspot Vims (OrV)

Odontoglossum ring spot disease is also called pointed orchid ring spot disease. Odontolossum Ringspoe Vims,OrV were the pathogens of Odontolossum Ringspoe Vims distributed in Fuzhou, Chengdu and Shanghai. After infected plants, the virus produced mosaic on jian orchid, necrotic spots on katlan and ring spots on young orchid. The main routes of transmission of the virus are juices, horticultural processes and tools.

(3)Orchid strain bacco mosaic virus

The virus infects plants and forms round or oval necrotic spots on leaves at first. Subsequently, the small lesions connect into large lesions, causing the leaves to wither. In severe cases, flowers become smaller, discolored, and sometimes deformed. The pathogen causing the disease is Orchid strain of tobacco mosaic virus. The virus is transmitted through juices and gardening tools. The seed carrying rate was low.

(4)Cymbidium virus disease

Is the most common orchid virus in the world. The most common is the greyish green and yellow mottled leaves and flowers of the plant, which eventually become brown depressed spots, making the leaves of the plant mosaic, stunted or abnormal flowering, generally occurring on plants with old stem meristems. The transmission route is often through tools, ramets and oral sucking insect contact.

9. tulip virus disease

(1)color break

Coloring disease, also known as white stripe disease of tulips, is a worldwide disease, which occurs in all tulip producing areas. Most of the tulips planted in Shanghai are imported from Holland. The incidence of broken color disease of some varieties is as high as 90%, and some varieties are about 90%. Tulip color breakage is one of the important causes of tulip bulb degeneration. Tulip leaves appear pale green or gray streaks, sometimes forming mosaic. On red or purple varieties, broken flowers are produced, and pale spots or stripes of different sizes are formed on the petals. In light or white flower varieties, the petal fragmentation symptoms are not obvious, here due to the lack of anthocyanin petals themselves, serious plant growth is poor. Tulip fragmentation virus produces mosaic or asymptomatic infection when it damages musky lily. Tulip fragmentation virus is transmitted non-persistently by sap or aphids. This virus can harm many tulips and lilies. Taiwan lilies and musk lilies are tulips that tend to be more susceptible than single petal tulips.

(2)mosaic

Tulip mosaic disease is also known as tulip soft rot, tulip mosaic disease and tulip broken color disease, widely distributed, sometimes with tulip broken color virus together to produce complex infection, forming serious mosaic. Tulips produce yellow stripes on the leaves can be particulate spots, petals are formed dark spots, serious leaf rot. Tulip mosaic virus can be transmitted through diseased sap. Aphids are also vectors of tulip mosaic virus.

10. zanthoxylum variegatum

Colored pepper, also known as Chaotianjiao and ornamental pepper, is an ornamental fruit plant. It is common in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou to block the normal development of plants and affect the ornamental effect. The leaf fat of susceptible plants turned yellow at first, then gradually became mosaic or mottled, and when the disease was serious, the leaves were deformed, even into ferns, and the pepper was few and small and deformed, or no pepper. It is transmitted by two aphids, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii. In addition to ornamental pepper, but also systematically infected Qianrihong, Petunia, Hyoscyphus, Nicotiana solanacearum, Nicotiana heart-leaf, pepper and other plants. Inoculation of the strain on the diagnostic hosts Nicotiana tabacum L., Datura stramonium L. and Chenopodium amaranthum L. produced local dead spots.

11. Cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV)

CNSV can only infect Armeniaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Cycadaceae. Cycas naturally susceptible to CNSV showed dwarfing, curling of young leaves and chlorosis or necrotic spots of mature leaves. Cycas seedlings inoculated by sap rubbing showed chlorosis symptoms on leaves. The transmission characteristics of Cycas seed itself are not clear.