Attention should be paid to "two suitability and two essentials" in topdressing of edible fungi and identification of diseases of edible fungi.

In the late stage of mushroom emergence, in order to enhance the stamina of mushroom production, mushroom farmers often top fertilize by adding nutrient solution. Only in accordance with the principle of "two suitability and two essentials" can the expected goal be achieved.

The method of adding should be appropriate

There are usually three ways to add nutrient solution: spraying, soaking and hole filling. The suitable time for spraying nutrient solution is when a large number of fruiting bodies appear. When spraying, we should pay attention to the spray head not facing the fruit body, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the four non-spraying: young mushroom buds do not spray, lest they swell to death: just picked mushrooms or mushroom remains do not spray, so as not to cause bacterial diseases; do not spray when the air humidity is too high; do not spray when the diseases and insect pests in the mushroom (room) are serious. The soaking method is mainly used for bag-planted edible fungi. After harvesting 1-2 Pleurotus ostreatus, if the cultivation bag is seriously short of water, it can be soaked in the prepared nutrient solution until it is close to the original weight. The method of soaking is used to add the nutrient solution, generally, the bacterial bag is put into the nutrient pool and the weight is pressed, and the soaking time can not be too long. If the bacterial bag loses too much water, it can be soaked in several times. The method of irrigation is mainly used on the bacterial bed, which can be used when there are more mushrooms in the bacterial bed and excessive consumption of water and nutrients. The specific method is to punch the bacterial bed according to the hole distance of 10 cm, flood the prepared nutrient solution to the bacterial bed, and cover the soil after adding the nutrient solution.

The addition concentration should be appropriate.

When the concentration of nutrient solution is too high, it is not only difficult to absorb mycelium, but also hinder or even damage the growth of mycelium; when the concentration is too low, it can not achieve the purpose of high yield. The concentration of the added nutrient solution should be determined according to the water content of the culture material: if the water content of the culture material is high, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be increased, the water consumption should be reduced, and the ventilation rate should be increased; on the contrary, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be reduced and the water consumption should be increased.

The nutrients of the nutrient solution should be comprehensive.

Several nutrient solutions should be used alternately frequently so that the nutrition needed for physical growth will be both comprehensive and reasonable. If you use hormones to stimulate the growth of edible fungi, it should be done after replenishing the nutrient solution.

Pay attention to the changes of the environment

When the temperature is more than 20 ℃, the hyphae are difficult to form high-quality fruiting bodies. Except for high-temperature edible fungi, nutrient solution can not be added. If the culture material has been contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, be sure to remove the miscellaneous bacteria before adding the nutrient solution. In order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution, we can also add a certain amount of bacteriostatic agents while adding nutrient solution to prevent the growth and spread of miscellaneous bacteria.

The method of adding should be appropriate

There are usually three ways to add nutrient solution: spraying, soaking and hole filling. The suitable time for spraying nutrient solution is when a large number of fruiting bodies appear. When spraying, we should pay attention to the spray head not facing the fruit body, and at the same time, we should pay attention to the four non-spraying: young mushroom buds do not spray, lest they swell to death: just picked mushrooms or mushroom remains do not spray, so as not to cause bacterial diseases; do not spray when the air humidity is too high; do not spray when the diseases and insect pests in the mushroom (room) are serious. The soaking method is mainly used for bag-planted edible fungi. After harvesting 1-2 Pleurotus ostreatus, if the cultivation bag is seriously short of water, it can be soaked in the prepared nutrient solution until it is close to the original weight. The method of soaking is used to add the nutrient solution, generally, the bacterial bag is put into the nutrient pool and the weight is pressed, and the soaking time can not be too long. If the bacterial bag loses too much water, it can be soaked in several times. The method of irrigation is mainly used on the bacterial bed, which can be used when there are more mushrooms in the bacterial bed and excessive consumption of water and nutrients. The specific method is to punch the bacterial bed according to the hole distance of 10 cm, flood the prepared nutrient solution to the bacterial bed, and cover the soil after adding the nutrient solution.

The addition concentration should be appropriate.

When the concentration of nutrient solution is too high, it is not only difficult to absorb mycelium, but also hinder or even damage the growth of mycelium; when the concentration is too low, it can not achieve the purpose of high yield. The concentration of the added nutrient solution should be determined according to the water content of the culture material: if the water content of the culture material is high, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be increased, the water consumption should be reduced, and the ventilation rate should be increased; on the contrary, the concentration of the nutrient solution should be reduced and the water consumption should be increased.

The nutrients of the nutrient solution should be comprehensive.

Several nutrient solutions should be used alternately frequently so that the nutrition needed for physical growth will be both comprehensive and reasonable. If you use hormones to stimulate the growth of edible fungi, it should be done after replenishing the nutrient solution.

Pay attention to the changes of the environment

When the temperature is more than 20 ℃, the hyphae are difficult to form high-quality fruiting bodies. Except for high-temperature edible fungi, nutrient solution can not be added. If the culture material has been contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, be sure to remove the miscellaneous bacteria before adding the nutrient solution. In order to prevent miscellaneous bacteria pollution, we can also add a certain amount of bacteriostatic agents while adding nutrient solution to prevent the growth and spread of miscellaneous bacteria.