Control and cultivation technology of bonsai trees

Those who take woody plants as the main material to show the natural tree scene in the basin through Panza, pruning, grafting, carving and horticultural cultivation are collectively referred to as tree bonsai. Many people regard bonsai as their own children. To raise a child, it is necessary to raise and raise children at the same time, not only to give them water and fertilizer, light, ventilation and so on to survive, but also to control and guide them according to different growth conditions, so that they can grow and take shape in the direction we expect. this is artistic creation. Ten years of trees, a hundred years of people, bonsai only rely on a certain stage Panza pruning a few times, surprise creation, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results.

Aiming at the purpose of appreciation, if you want to make the bonsai of trees into tasteful works, the conservation should be treated differently according to different appreciation purposes. For example, the necessary control measures should be taken in the maintenance of flower and fruit pile scenery, and when the ratio of root, stem and branch thickness does not meet the requirements, it should not be allowed to blossom and bear fruit, so as not to consume a lot of nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the flower buds in time, the earlier the better, and at the same time, try not to apply fertilizer and water with high phosphorus content, so as to transform it from reproductive growth to vegetative growth, so as to concentrate energy, strengthen tendons and bones, develop in the direction of design, and promote its early formation. Only by cultivating flowers and fruits after molding can we become tasteful and grade bonsai works of flowers and fruits.

Bonsai trees are living and constantly changing works of art, which requires creators to prune, recuperate and control them all the time, otherwise they will return to the wild state of nature and have no artistic value. Therefore, the creator should do the following small and important work.

[spring sprouts]

When most trees bloom in spring, buds are easy to sprout at Longji. Such as elm, sparrow plum, pomegranate, pyracantha, mahogany, etc., no matter the old stem and new branches are sprouting new buds, and most of them are strong buds. These buds that are not on the spot, if not erased in time, will not only consume nutrients, but also cause the disadvantages of overdense crown and unventilated inner chamber once the branches are formed, which directly affect the normal growth of the stored branches and are prone to diseases and insect pests, so it is best to erase them in time before spreading leaves. Some buds will grow repeatedly and need to be wiped repeatedly until the branches and leaves grow. If this work is done well, the workload of thinning in the later stage will be greatly reduced. However, it should be noted that before sprouting, we should carefully observe the hierarchy, veins, and outer contours of the whole tree to see if there are any inappropriate gaps that need to be filled. If so, when you wipe it here, you should leave a few buds in the appropriate place to fill the gap. Although it is a small matter, this kind of pruning is much more natural and beautiful than misplaced branches, and the work will be more perfect in the future.

[Xia Shuzhi]

At this time, thinning branches is to clean up the stolen branches and thieves that have not been wiped clean. Although most of the trees with strong germination have been sprouted, there are many useless branches sprouting on the inside of the dry body, and they grow fast and are very strong. After the beginning of summer, before the plum rain, it is necessary to carry out fine thinning basin by basin. Cut off the inner bore branches, tufted branches, overlapping branches and over-dense branches, focusing on some overgrown branches that are not within the reserved range. Most of these branches grow in the crown, which is not easy to find from the outer crown, and is already quite stout when it extends beyond the crown. Moreover, some useless branches are born around the bifurcation point of the old branches, and they are relatively strong, which will absorb a lot of nutrients, which can easily lead to the gradual degradation and weakness of the old branches at a disadvantage. Although this is a phenomenon of natural renewal in plant growth, it should be prevented in time in bonsai creation to ensure that useful branches have adequate nutrients, good ventilation and adequate light. The crown branches in the stocking stage are so dense that it is difficult to find the landing point of the branches only from the outer outline, so do not cut them easily before you can see them clearly. You must look among the branches layer by layer, layer by layer, and accurately distinguish the useful branches from the long branches. Do not be blindly hasty. Branch thinning is not only beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of the inner chamber of the tree, reduce diseases and insect pests and unnecessary consumption of water and fertilizer, but also help breeders to see clearly the trend of branches and veins and whether the dense layout is appropriate, to find problems in time, and to correct and control them in time.

[control strong branches]

The so-called strong branch refers to the individual branches that have reached the required proportion of thickness in the receptacle of the branches that need to be stored (usually the ratio of stem to branch should be 3:1, and extend node by node). A bonsai work of art in the real sense, its roots, stems and branches must be symmetrical and coordinated as a whole in order to reflect the charm of shrinking dragons and old trees, and to have a sense of natural beauty. It is normal for trees to have apical dominance in the process of growth. Now I find another problem, people in the process of stocking, due to neglect of observation, resulting in excessive storage of individual branches in the middle and lower parts, beyond its proper scale, out of proportion, the phenomenon of similar trunk branches and bloated branches, which is very ugly. In order to avoid similar phenomena, breeders should observe frequently, especially in the period of vigorous growth, and must not miss the opportunity for pruning. The solution is also very simple: when the thickness of a branch receptacle has reached the requirement of proportion, the main branch and the side branch of the branch receptacle should be cut short and can be trimmed to the length required for modeling at one time, but there is a premise that a little leaves should be kept on the branches left. Do not leave leaves, otherwise the branch will die due to the lack of photosynthesis, especially in hot summer. If there are no leaves on the branches that need to be left, you can take the method of gradually pressing back in stages, leaving a slightly longer branch with leaves first, and then cutting back until the desired length. In this way, the detour of delaying molding due to uncoordinated re-work of the branch support can be avoided.

[light control to strengthen the weak]

All plants have the characteristics of light tendency, and the sunrise side grows stronger than the shady side. Although there is only one best appreciation surface for bonsai trees, in order to achieve the effect of appreciation on all sides, it is necessary to balance the growth on all sides and make its width and thickness reach a relatively plump and coordinated scale. It is necessary to timely turn the orientation of the potted tree in the process of maintenance, so that the weak side and branches can enjoy more sunlight, enhance photosynthesis, improve the growth rate, and let the growing side face toward the shady side to slow down the growth rate. With this support and suppression, the growth of the whole tree landscape is balanced on all sides.

The above conservation practices may seem tedious and subtle, but in fact they are also creative. It runs through the whole maintenance process of bonsai, and if handled well, it will get twice the result with half the effort. Although the truth is simple, there may not be many people who can really do it and do it in place. To be practical and realistic, we really have to learn from the Japanese bonsai people. There is no doubt that we lack their conscientious and meticulous dedication to bonsai. It has to be admitted.

Time: 2019-06-03 Click: