Flower irrigation methods have their own merits, understand the cultivation techniques of edible fungi

In recent years, China's flower industry is gradually growing, flower planting varieties are increasing, and flower irrigation methods have begun to diversify. This paper analyzes the commonly used irrigation methods.

Drip irrigation refers to the irrigation system in which emitters are used to irrigate crops in the form of drip or continuous small flow. The common emitters in drip irrigation system are emitters, drip arrows, drip irrigation pipes, drip irrigation belts and so on. Drip irrigation system is one of the most advanced irrigation methods. Drip irrigation can avoid the malpractice of crop disease caused by excessive humidity after other irrigation methods, so drip irrigation can be said to be the best choice for most greenhouse flower irrigation systems.

Drip irrigation system has the advantages of labor-saving, water-saving, energy-saving, high-quality, increasing production, wide range of adaptation, easy to realize automatic control and so on. It can also cooperate with fertilization equipment to accurately fertilize or apply fertilizer to flowers. Its deficiency is that the equipment investment is high and the anti-clogging performance of the system is poor, so drip irrigation has higher requirements for water quality.

When using drip irrigation system, we should pay attention to the following matters.

First, the biggest difference between drip irrigation system and traditional border irrigation, pipe irrigation and other irrigation methods lies in "a small number of times". The use of drip irrigation system, pay attention to "watering crops and roots", each irrigation time should not be too long, according to different flowers and planting methods are different, such as potted flowers to control the flow of water from the bottom of the flowerpot. The irrigation volume of drip irrigation system is much less than that of traditional border irrigation and pipe irrigation, so the frequency of irrigation needs to be increased.

Second, the substrate is often used for planting flowers, so the drip irrigation pipe (belt) should pay attention to the following points when selecting the type: the distance between emitters should not be large, and the distance between emitters should be 10 cm as far as possible; the emitter flow should not be too small, it should be 2L shock h; when laying drip irrigation pipes (belts), the outlet must be facing up or parallel to the surface, not downward, to prevent the soil from blocking the outlet when the water is suddenly cut off. The filter must be cleaned regularly. It is recommended to clean after each irrigation. It is forbidden to remove the filter element.

Micro-spray refers to the irrigation system in which the irrigator is used to irrigate crops in the state of water flow. The emitter of the micro-spray system has a variety of micro-sprinkler heads and sprinkler belts. In the open field micro-spray system, the sprinkler belt is usually laid on the surface or the micro-sprinkler is inserted; in the facility, the micro-sprinkler is generally hung upside down on the skeleton of the facility to avoid affecting the operation of the micro-spray system on other crops in the field.

Micro-sprinkler system is divided into rotary type and scattering type, rotary micro-sprinkler is generally used for supplementary irrigation; scattering micro-sprinkler is divided into refractive type and centrifugal type, refractive micro-sprinkler is generally used for both cooling and humidification and irrigation, centrifugal micro-sprinkler is generally used for cooling and humidification and atomization irrigation in soilless cultivation.

In facility production, drip irrigation should be combined with micro-sprinkler system. Drip irrigation system is mainly used for irrigation, and micro-spray system is used for supplementary irrigation, cooling and humidification, and regulating facility field microclimate.

The following points should be paid attention to when using the micro-sprinkler system: first, when the micro-sprinkler is installed upside down, an anti-drip device must be installed to prevent the micro-sprinkler from causing harm to flowers after the water is stopped; second, if the micro-sprinkler system and the drip irrigation system share the same water source at the same time, a pressure reducing device or a local pressure device should be installed in the drip irrigation system to prevent the drip irrigation system from blasting or the micro-spray system from not spraying. Third, the filter device must be cleaned regularly, it is recommended to clean after each irrigation, it is taboo to remove the filter element.

Artificial fog system refers to the irrigation method in which emitters are used to spray crops in the form of fog.

The working pressure of artificial fog is very high, generally from 4MPa to 12MPa, so the atomization effect is very good. It is generally used for cooling and humidification of high-grade flowers in multi-span greenhouse, and can also be used for spraying and disinfection.

When using the artificial fog system, we should pay attention to the following points: first, the outlet caliber of the artificial fog nozzle is very small, and the requirement for water quality is very high, so softened water is usually used to prevent the nozzle from clogging, and once the nozzle blockage occurs, the nozzle can be removed and cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner; second, the pressure pump of the artificial fog system needs regular maintenance and oil replacement. Third, the system is generally controlled by an automatic control system, which opens and closes automatically according to temperature and humidity.

Self-propelled sprinkler used in greenhouse is actually a micro-spraying system, but self-propelled sprinkler is a kind of micro-spraying system with high irrigation uniformity and mobile use.

Due to the high investment, the self-propelled sprinkler is mostly used in multi-span greenhouse with special irrigation requirements, such as hole plate seedling cultivation, foliage flower cultivation and so on. The track is installed on the greenhouse skeleton, and the sprinkler moves along the track. Generally, one is installed in each span of greenhouse, in order to save investment, one can also be installed in two or three-span greenhouse, and the irrigation of each cross-crop can be realized through inter-transfer track.

The use of self-propelled sprinkler should pay attention to the following points: first, for the greenhouse with a longer bay direction, in order to shorten the working distance of the water supply pipe, the sprinkler is generally arranged in the center of the greenhouse; second, there are multiple nozzles of the sprinkler, it is necessary to select a suitable nozzle for spraying operation according to crops or different spraying purposes; third, the sprinkler used on the sprinkler must be equipped with an anti-drip device.

Sprinkler irrigation refers to the medium spray used by flowers in the open field, and the range of the sprinkler is about 12 meters. Grass and flowers in the open field are most suitable for sprinkler irrigation.

Attention should be paid to the use of sprinkler irrigation: the flow of sprinklers should be selected as small as possible to prevent excessive water droplets from affecting flower production; when the wind speed is high, do not carry out irrigation.