Prevention and Control of Edible Fungi Diseases, five steps to Control Botrytis cinerea

Prevention and control of flower and tree diseases and pests: Botrytis cinerea is an important disease of flowers in greenhouse, which mainly harms flowers, fruits and leaves. It often occurs in the growing season of flowers, especially during the growth of winter and spring shed. If the management is relaxed, it is more conducive to the occurrence and epidemic of the disease. in serious cases, it can cause a large number of fallen flowers and leaves, affect plant flowering and reduce ornamental value.

Pathogen and occurrence conditions: Botrytis cinerea is caused by Botrytis cinerea, which is attached to the remains of the disease by mycelium or conidia and sclerotia, or left in the soil to survive the winter. The suitable temperature for the development of the strain is 10 ℃ to 32 ℃, the lowest is 4 ℃, and the relative humidity is required to be more than 90%. Due to the suitable temperature in spring and high humidity in the shed, such as untimely ventilation, it is the main reason for the serious disease. The main symptoms of the disease: the pathogen invaded from the stomata or wounds of calyx hairs and pedicels and spread to the fruit stalks, the pericarp showed gray-white water-stained soft rot, a large number of gray mold layers were produced on the fruit surface when the humidity was high, and the diseased flowers fell on the leaves, which was easy to cause leaf disease. forming a large round spot of gray mold. Rotten flowers and rotten fruit fall on the stem, causing the stem to rot, and when serious, the plant dies. For example, when the chrysanthemum leaf is damaged, the edge of the leaf is brown, the surface is slightly wrinkled, the petiole and flower stalk soften at first, and then rot on the outside. When the leaf is damaged, the diseased leaf turns dark brown after appearing water-stained spots, and rotts. In addition, gerbera and cyclamen are also vulnerable.

Prevention and control of flower and tree diseases and pests:

1. Seed disinfection. In order to kill the fungi attached to the surface of flower seeds, the seeds can be soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes and rinsed with running water for 40 minutes before use. The seeds can also be soaked in 52 ℃ warm water for 30 minutes and set aside after drying.

2. Planting in guest soil. The pathogen mainly overwinters in the soil, so whether it is cultivated in the garden or in the pot, the soil is required to be disease-free and new, and the pot soil, flowerpot and seed bulb are disinfected.

3. Rational fertilization. Apply mature organic fertilizer as far as possible, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, improve plant disease resistance, and pay attention to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent excessive growth and aggravate the disease.

4. Management in the shed. Remove diseased leaves, diseased flowers, diseased fruits and yellow leaves in time to keep the shed clean and ventilated and transparent. High temperature and stuffy shed to inhibit bacteria. In the early stage of growth and after the disease, appropriate control of watering, timely and late release. Raise the greenhouse temperature to 33 ℃, which is disadvantageous to the production of differentiated spores. Reduce humidity and dew on roof and leaf surface

5. Chemical control. At the initial stage of the disease, 45% chlorothalonil smoke remover or 15% chlorpromazine fumigation for 3 to 4 hours (250 grams per mu of greenhouse) can be used. You can also spray 5% chlorothalonil dust (1 kg per mu of greenhouse) in the evening. The spray method can use 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, spray once every 10 days, 2 to 4 times continuously (interval 7 to 10 days). It can also be sprayed 1000 times of 50% Sukeling or 1000 times of 50% carbendazim at the initial stage of the disease, which can be used alternately every 7 days for 2 to 3 times, which can effectively control the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea.