Occurrence and control of anthracnose in common flowers and preservation methods of edible fungi

(1) anthracnose of Camellia

1. Symptoms: mainly harm leaves and tender shoots. Pathogens often invade from leaf tip and leaf edge to form round or irregular disease spots. Dark brown, the edge is raised, the disease spot is of different size. black spots grow on the disease spot in the later stage, whorled or scattered. When the humidity is high, it overflows the pink sticky mass. The diseased leaves are dry and easy to fall off. the new shoot disease spot is long. Slightly sunken, light brown, the edge is obvious, and the branches die when it is serious.

2. The law of disease: the pathogen overwintered on the diseased plant and remnant by mycelium or conidia, and spread through wind and rain. Mostly invaded from the wound and weak parts. Plant growth is weak and drainage is poor. High temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence of diseases.

3. Prevention and control methods

Remove dead branches and fallen leaves, cut off diseased branches and destroy them. Add organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and ferrous sulfate to enhance disease resistance. spray the new shoots after extraction. Use "50% carbendazim 800x solution. 1000-fold solution of methyl thiophanate, 75% chlorothalonil or 80% anthrax Fumei 800x solution, once every 10 to 15 days, spraying for 45 times.

(2) anthracnose of jasmine

1. Symptoms: it mainly harms the leaves. Sometimes it also harms the tender shoots. The leaves are small chlorotic spots at first and then enlarge into light brown. Round or subround disease spot. Diameter 2-10mm, the center of the disease spot is gray-white, the edge is brown, slightly raised. At the later stage, the disease spot is whorled with sparse black particles.

2. The law of disease: the pathogen overwintered on the diseased leaves with mycelium and conidia. Spread by wind and rain, invading from the wound, the disease is more serious in summer and autumn.

3. Control method: anthracnose of Camellia

(3) anthrax in Milan

1. Symptoms: it mainly harms leaves. Sometimes petioles and tender shoots can be harmed. Leaf disease spots are mostly at leaf tip and leaf edge. Semicircular or irregular, with corrugated wrinkles, the disease spot is yellowish brown at the beginning. Then it becomes grayish white, the edge is brown, slightly raised. The disease spot can extend to the whole leaf surface. There are black spots scattered in the diseased part. the disease of petiole and tender shoot caused the withering of twigs and branches. causing early defoliation.

2. The law of disease: the pathogen overwinters mainly as mycelia and conidia on fallen leaves and withered shoots, and spreads through wind and rain and invades from the wound. The disease has the characteristics of latent infection. Plant growth is weak and the disease is serious. seedlings that have just been transplanted or during transportation are prone to disease.

3. Prevention and control methods

Remove diseased leaves and diseased branches in time. Concentrate on destroying. Strengthen the management of seedlings for transportation and transplanting. Seedlings to be transported. Before seedling emergence, spray once, such as 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid and other internal inhalation fungicides, spray in time at the initial stage of the disease, with reference to camellia anthracnose.

(4) anthracnose of Wannianqing

1. Symptoms: the disease mostly occurs at the tip or edge of the leaf, and begins with a watery macula, gradually expanding into a round, oval or irregular shape, with grayish white or grayish brown in the center, with inobvious moire. The edge of the dark brown late disease spot has many black spots, arranged in the shape of a wheel, and finally the disease spot is dry, and when the disease is serious, it can spread to the petiole.

2. Pathogen and pathogenic conditions: the disease is a fungal disease caused by Alternaria alternata. It is common on potted plants in greenhouse from August to November every year, and the harm is serious. Old Ye suffers more. It is easy to get sick if the indoor ventilation is poor or it is attacked by scale insects.

3. Prevention and control methods

(1) strengthen cultivation management: indoor potted evergreen should be placed in a place with plenty of air and sunshine, nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied too much, phosphorus, potash fertilizer and farm fertilizer should be added appropriately, and diseased leaves should be removed and destroyed thoroughly.

(2) Pharmaceutical control: 1% Bordeaux solution can be sprayed before the disease. After the onset of the disease, you can spray 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution, or 65% Dysen zinc 600 times solution.

(5) anthracnose of cycad

1. Symptoms: anthracnose of cycads causes segmental or whole withering of lobules. The sick department is infected with black dots. When it is wet, pink jelly gushes from the dots.

2. Pathogens and pathogenic conditions: the pathogens are Colletotrichumsp., semi-known subphylum, Coelospora, Alternaria. The disease rule is that the pathogen overwinters in the disease part of the plant, and it is easy to occur in the high temperature and rainy season. After the cycad is frozen, the disease is also easy to occur.

(6) anthracnose of cactus

Symptoms: the disease spot on the stem node or stem ball is round, nearly round, 4-8 mm in diameter, mostly at the edge of the corner, light brown to grayish white, upper small black spots, arranged in a wheel shape, and orange-red slimy spores gush out when wet. There is often a faded green halo around the plaque, and the whole is light brown rot with the development of the disease.

(7) anthrax of a gentleman

1. Symptoms: at first, light brown spots appeared on the leaves, and with the development of the disease, the lesions gradually expanded into a round or oval shape (semicircle if they occurred at the edge of the leaf). The part of the disease has wheel lines, and there are many small black grains in the later stage, and pink sticky material is gushed out under wet conditions.

2. Pathogen and pathogenic conditions: the disease is caused by a kind of anthrax (fungus) infection. The disease occurs more frequently when there is too much nitrogen fertilizer and relatively lack of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in cultivation. The disease is serious in the climate with high temperature, rainy and humid climate. Potted flowers are easy to develop due to over-dense or over-watering, poor ventilation and high humidity.

3. Prevention and control methods

The main results are as follows: (1) to strengthen the cultivation management, we should not apply nitrogen fertilizer, but appropriately increase the application of phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in order to enhance the disease resistance of the plant. Indoor flowerpots should not be placed too tight and should be well ventilated. Water should be injected from the rim of the basin. Cut off the diseased leaves or plaques. And burned or buried in time to reduce the source of infection.

(2) Drug control: during the onset period, 50% carbendazim can be sprayed, or 1000 times of methyl thiophanate, or 70% anthrax can be sprayed once.