Integrated pest control and overwintering management of horticultural flowers, and pest control of edible fungi

The construction of landscaping in China is booming with each passing day, which promotes the improvement of the technical level of research and control of garden flower diseases and pests. In winter, most flower diseases and insects enter the overwintering (or dormant) state in various ways. During this period, all kinds of diseases and pests are basically inactive, which is a good season for prevention and control.

I. strengthening cultivation and management

1. Rational cultivation according to habit

Strengthening cultivation management is to improve the ability of garden flowers to resist diseases and insect pests. Some flowers like dry environment, if they are planted in wet places, they will not grow well and are prone to diseases and insect pests; on the contrary, wet flowers planted in dry places will also suffer from diseases and insect pests. Therefore, according to the habits of flowers, it should be planted in the appropriate dry humidity, pH value of the place, so that it grows well. Reasonable fertilization, adding an appropriate amount of trace element fertilizer, not partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is easy to cause flower branches and leaves to grow, and its young branches and shoots are easy to become food for aphids, butterflies and other pests. If the fertilizer is reasonable and the flowers grow strong, the damage of these pests will be greatly reduced.

two。 Rational crop rotation

As most of the flower pathogens and pests live in withered branches and shallow layers of the surface, the same kind of flowers are planted in a piece of land for a long time, which provides an ideal habitat and host for pathogens and pests to overwintering. Planting the same kind of flowers on a piece of land for a long time will also destroy the physical and chemical structure of the land, resulting in a decline in fertility and fertility, so that the growth of flowers is weak, which will further lead to rampant diseases and insect pests. On the other hand, reasonable rotation can improve soil structure, improve fertility, enhance the growth of flowers, make pathogens and pests unable to find suitable hosts, naturally feed the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and people will usually immediately associate their pesticides. In fact, pesticide control is effective and effective to a certain extent, but it pollutes the environment and has many drawbacks. First of all, pesticide control often misses the stage of killing pests at the stage of the weakest drug resistance, and spray application, the dosage is too large, the fog drop is too large, the efficacy is not good. Secondly, most of the commonly used pesticides are broad-spectrum pesticides, which are easy to cause resistance to pests. In this way, it is necessary to increase the dose to be effective, but it also causes waste and, more importantly, pollutes the environment, especially killing a large number of useful natural enemies, insects and so on. Ecological imbalance, resulting in a certain pest more rampant Thirdly, the residues and dynamic migration of pesticides in land, crops and aquatic organisms, livestock and poultry seriously pollute the environment and even endanger the lives of residents. In history, pesticides such as DDT and Sanliu powder have left us a profound lesson. Therefore, in order to protect the environment, we should try our best to use little or no chemical drugs, and vigorously develop other pollution-free control methods, such as biological control, reasonable crop rotation and so on. Prevention is more important than cure, eliminate the environment of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, prevent it in the bud, so that it can not only avoid the disadvantages caused by chemistry, protect the environment, but also save manpower and financial resources, and is more conducive to the healthy growth of flowers.

3. Selection of excellent varieties with strong resistance from the point of view of introduction and genetics and breeding

The use of sexual hybridization, artificial mutagenesis, bioengineering and other technologies and new means to create genetic variation, provide more raw breeding materials, enhance variety resistance, and fundamentally reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The breeding of yellow death resistance of palm ornamental trees in Florida in the United States, and the cold resistance and disease resistance breeding of rose in Denmark and Canada have made remarkable achievements. The introduction takes into account not only the landscape but also the resistance of flowers.

Second, protect and introduce natural enemies and effectively control the number of insect pests

There are many kinds of natural enemies of pests, such as ladybugs, parasitoids of lacewings, etc., as well as many birds, which play a role in controlling the harm of pests. In addition to protecting the natural enemies of insect pests, they can also be adopted and introduced in the fields and suburban forests. Large-scale nurseries can also be raised artificially and propagated in large numbers. In some places, although some pests have been poisoned due to the indiscriminate application of pesticides, more natural enemies of pests have also been poisoned. There are also some people who have a weak awareness of environmental protection and hunt birds to dig their nests. All these make those beneficial natural enemies insects and natural enemies birds do not have a good environment, destroy the ecological balance of nature, resulting in adverse consequences occur from time to time, the lesson is profound.

III. Ecological governance

In the management of diseases and insect pests of garden flowers, trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, ground covers and lawns of different families and genera were arranged in a community. It can not only improve the virtuous cycle of the ecological garden system, beautify the city appearance and protect the environment, but also maintain the relative balance of the fauna ecology of diseases and insect pests in the ecological garden community, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the harm of diseases and insect pests. This is the theoretical basis for realizing the management of garden flower diseases and insect pests based on the ecological garden system. Taking the control of flower diseases and insect pests as an important measure to improve the ecological garden, that is, the establishment of "ecological management" is not only the best strategy to explore the management of garden flower diseases and insect pests, but also the "biological control" of the biological community unique to the garden.

IV. Overwintering management methods

1. Pruning

Clean up diseased and withered branches before entering winter to reduce overwintering eggs. Worm eggs on flowers and trees such as yellow prunes and roses.

two。 Deep flip

Strengthen farming, dig deep into the land, expose it to the sun for a few days, and destroy the overwintering environment of pathogens and pests. Because the flowers harmed by specific diseases and insect pests are basically specific. Deep ploughing in winter can also cause mechanical damage to the larvae, pupae and eggs of underground pests such as grubs and ground tigers, and can be pecked by natural enemies such as birds after exposure to the surface, which can effectively control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

3. White protection

White painting of branches and trunks of woody garden flowers can not only effectively prevent frost injury and sunburn of flowers and trees in winter, improve their disease resistance, but also destroy the overwintering places of diseases and pests, playing the dual role of both anti-freezing and killing insects. It is especially good for mites and scale that overwintering in the bark.

Integrated disease and pest control of horticultural flowers requires long-term efforts to create a virtuous circle environment. When diseases and insect pests have to be controlled by chemical drugs, we should not only control pests but also protect natural enemies, but also avoid polluting the environment. Try to reduce the frequency of medication, try to choose those pesticides that are targeted to pests but do not kill natural enemies, such as petroleum emulsion, bitter stem water and so on. Improve drug application methods, such as annular drying, injection, etc., to avoid unreasonable application of fire hoses, reduce pollution, save manpower and material resources, and enhance drug efficacy. It's the only way. In order to use garden flowers to create a beautiful and comfortable environment, not because of the prevention and control of horticultural flower diseases and insect pests and pollute the environment.