Know the prevention and control methods of edible fungus diseases, cultivation and breeding techniques of Cymbidium

Cultivation and breeding techniques of Cymbidium how to cultivate Cymbidium? How to carry on the cultivation management? How to reproduce? Magnolia is our common flower culture species, its growth environment is cool and humid, it is afraid of cold in winter and direct sunlight in summer. Gentleman orchid four seasons maintenance key points: spring bogey wind blowing; summer bogey sun; autumn bogey rain, spray water; winter bogey low temperature, dry. Cymbidium is suitable for indoor culture, which is mainly determined by its internal structure and physiological function. Magnolia is an evergreen perennial herb with strong shade tolerance and thick, dark green leaves. Mesophyll contains a lot of chlorophyll, which can absorb carbon dioxide and water in sunlight, synthesize organic matter for its own growth and development, and release oxygen at the same time. In addition, the broad and thick leaves of Cymbidium grow many pores and villi, which can secrete a lot of mucus, and in the process of gas exchange, they can absorb a large amount of dust, dust and harmful gases in the room, making the indoor air clean. Therefore, Cymbidium is also known as "absorption machine" and "dust collector", the protector of human health. So how can this healthy patron saint grow and develop healthily in your home? The family maintenance of Magnolia should mainly start from the aspects of temperature and humidity, soil, moisture, light, nutrition and so on. The specific cultivation is as follows: Cymbidium prefers a cool and humid environment. Afraid of the hot sun in summer and cold in winter. When the temperature is 15-25 ℃, it is the suitable period for its growth; below 10 ℃, it grows slowly; when it is below 5 ℃, it is dormant; when the temperature is below 0 ℃, the leaves are frozen, and even freeze to death. The gentleman orchid is also afraid of the scorching sun and high temperature. when the temperature is above 30 ℃, the leaves will wither and scorch, and the whole plant will dry up and die. Magnolia likes to grow in loose, well-drained acid soil. Prepare potted soil. Cymbidium is a fleshy root, which requires loose, fertile and well-drained soil, and grows best in slightly acidic soil (PH value 6.2 / 6. 7). Rotten chicken manure and pond mud can be mixed according to 4 ∶ 6, and pine needles, rotten organic fertilizer and river sand should be mixed at the ratio of 5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2. As the orchid is native to the mountain forests of South Africa, where the natural environment is like spring all the year round, various parts of the organs of the plant have adapted to this lukewarm natural environment. Therefore, in the daily maintenance process, the temperature should be controlled between 15-25 degrees. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees, the growth and development of Magnolia is slow, when it falls below 0 degrees, it will freeze to death. Similarly, when the temperature reaches or exceeds 30 degrees, it will seriously affect the normal growth and development of Magnolia. Water is an important part of Cymbidium. According to the determination, 60% of the moisture in the orchid body is 80% of the moisture, especially its fleshy roots have a strong water storage function and strong resistance to drought. Gentleman orchid likes neutral water, clean and pollution-free tap water, well water, river water and so on can be used for watering, but because the water temperature of fresh tap water and well water is lower than the soil temperature and contains some impurities, it should be placed for 1-2 days before use. As for watering, there is also a lot of fastidiousness. The best way for a gentleman's orchid seedling is to spray it with a sprinkler. Spray the nozzle up to the leaf, which has the advantage of not only watering the flowers, but also washing dust, leaving fog beads on the leaf surface to ensure a certain humidity on the leaf surface, and water evaporation in the sun can reduce the leaf surface temperature and prevent sunburn. But the flowering magnolia can not be watered by sprinkler irrigation to waterproof into the leaf sheath resulting in rotten heart, for the flowering magnolia can only be irrigated into the basin. Then when and how much water is appropriate? This mainly depends on the ambient temperature of the magnolia. The general watering principle is "see wet see dry, do not dry do not water, dry thoroughly". Watering thoroughly is to keep all the roots of the orchid in the same humidity. Judging whether the water is thoroughly watered or not can not be determined only according to whether there is water flowing out from the bottom of the basin. Because sometimes the basin soil hardens and shrinks into a ball after drying, and after watering, water flows quickly from the basin wall to the basin bottom and out from the bottom hole. The central part of the basin soil does not even touch a little water. If you stop watering at this time, it will wilt the leaves of Magnolia and form an arrow when it is running. Here to teach you a simple and effective watering method is to soak all the flowerpots in a basin or bucket filled with water, soak for half a minute and then take them out. But the disadvantage of doing so is that the nutrients in the soil are relatively easy to lose, so if you want to make the magnolia have deep roots and big leaves, you should also pay attention to replenish it in time. The nutritional elements needed by Magnolia mainly come from organic fertilizers, such as bean cake, peanut cruller, animal offal and so on. Under normal circumstances, it can be applied in spring and autumn within a year. In spring, it was applied once in late April and early May after flowering, and again from mid-September to late October after fruit harvest in autumn. Magnolia is a humid plant, which requires high humidity of the growing environment. Its most suitable humidity range is 70%, 80%. The magnolia growing in such an environment has green leaves, clear veins, short, wide, neat leaves and high ornamental value. However, due to the limitations of the home environment, it is difficult for ordinary families to meet this standard. This is also the main reason why many people can not raise gentleman orchids well. The sunshine plants of the genus Cymbidium are not strict in light requirements, as long as the temperature is suitable, the light time is longer or shorter can blossom normally, and short-day sunshine in winter and spring is more conducive to flowering. Good lighting is an important condition to ensure the bright color of gentleman orchids. But it still likes the weak light, especially the strong light. The leaves of Cymbidium have phototaxis, and if they are placed indoors for a long time, the leaves must be deflected in the direction of the sun. As far as its plant shape is concerned, it is difficult to look sideways at a line and look squarely at the ornamental effect of opening a fan. The arrangement of the gentleman orchid must be in the north-south direction, not in the north-south direction. What if the leaves grow too long? Can pull up the two leaves after clamping up, can be surrounded by a playing card so that it does not hurt the leaves, then the leaves will be corrected in 20 days. The sturdy fleshy roots of Cymbidium not only store enough water, but also put forward higher requirements for the soil on which they live. Only the nutritious soil with good permeability, loose texture and rich humus is suitable for the growth of fleshy roots of Cymbidium. Rotten leaves or pine hairs must be fermented before they can be used. Without fermentation, it is easy to burn the roots. The magnolia must change the soil once a year. The time and times of toppling and changing soil of Cymbidium depends on the size and season of the seedlings. Like these grown-up orchids, they have to change their soil once a year. The best time to change soil is in spring and autumn, because the orchid grows vigorously at this time and will not affect the growth of the plant. Take out the magnolia from the basin, cut off the rotten roots and the old roots without absorptive capacity, and remove the waste soil. Cover the drainage hole of the flowerpot with broken pieces, fill it with 2-5 cm thick nutritious soil, grab a handful of soil to add to the inside of the root, and then put the plant in the pot. When filling the nutrient soil into the pot to half the height of the pot, gently press down with your hand along the edge of the pot, so that the roots stand in the basin and are not easy to bend. The key point of soil replacement is to fill the roots with soil. Otherwise, there is no soil in the root, water and nutrients can not reach the root, which is easy to cause rotten root and arrow entrapment. After changing the nutritious soil, pour water thoroughly. In fact, in the final analysis, the maintenance knowledge of gentleman orchid is far more than these, and a lot of maintenance knowledge also depends on orchid farmers to explore and accumulate in practice. But you don't have to worry, because many orchids enthusiasts also know that it is difficult to raise a good orchid, but it is not easy to raise it, although this is a joke, but it also shows on the other hand that the orchid is not so delicate. As long as you do more work and pay more attention in ordinary times, you will certainly be able to cultivate a gentleman orchid with luxuriant leaves and bright flowers, and life can naturally add some beauty and fun. Propagation and cultivation ⑴ propagation: mainly using plant division method and sowing method. How do orchids reproduce sexually? Magnolia usually uses only two methods of reproduction: one is sexual reproduction, that is, sowing and reproduction, and the other is ramet reproduction in asexual reproduction. It is common to sow and propagate Magnolia grandiflora. The advantage of the method of reproduction is that it can be propagated in large numbers to meet the needs of people who grow more flowers. However, artificial pollination should be carried out on the front page of sowing and reproduction, and it is best to carry out cross-plant pollination. The seed setting rate of strong plants is high, and robust plants can generally bear ten seeds after different plant reproduction; the same plant pollination can only bear several seeds. The method of pollination is as follows: when the perianth is cracked for 3 days, when the bud matures and the stigma secretes mucus, it is the time for pollination. During pollination, the pollen of stamens is dipped with a new brush and gently falls on the stigma of the pistil. In order to increase the seed setting rate, pollination can be done once between 9 am to 10:00 and 2 pm to 3 pm respectively. It takes about 9 months for the seeds to mature. When the pericarp gradually changes from green to black and purple, the ear can be cut off and the seeds can be peeled off after 20 days. Before sowing, soak the seeds in 30 ℃ lukewarm water for 30 minutes and then dry them for 2 hours. (at this time, it is better to soak the seeds in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 30 minutes, and then soak them in clean water for 15 hours. The seeded flowerpot was placed in a room temperature of 20 ℃ and 25 mol, keeping the humidity at about 90%, and the radicle germinated in about 2 weeks. One of the things to do well in sowing and breeding is to prepare the cultivated soil first. There are many materials available for making culture soil, but one of the more easily obtained is loose soil with sufficient humus taken from the surface of the forest, mixed with clean fine sand soil of 1 stroke 3. Cymbidium likes slightly acidic soil, and its pH value of 6Mel 6.5 is suitable. The time requirement for the propagation of Cymbidium by sowing method is not strict. It can be sown in spring, autumn and winter, but the air temperature is an important condition. It is best to sow under the temperature of 20 ℃ and 25 mol to meet the temperature requirement of germination. How do orchids reproduce asexually? The asexual reproduction of flowers has the methods of cutting, ramet, striping, grafting and so on, but the asexual reproduction of Cymbidium is generally only the method of dividing plants, and this method is more common. To propagate by split-plant method, we must first do some preparatory work: ① family potted plants should prepare flowerpots, the flowerpots had better be earthen pots, do not buy porcelain and ceramic ones with beautiful surface, because of their poor air permeability, which is not conducive to plant growth. ② prepares the medium soil, it is best to disinfect it. If humus soil is mixed with fine sand, the humus soil should be sprayed with potassium permanganate 1000 Mel 2000 times aqueous solution to disinfect; the fine river sand should also be washed and disinfected with boiling water to prevent the seedlings from being infected and rotted by germs. ③ prepare a little charcoal powder to smear the wound for moisture absorption to prevent decay. ④ sharpens the knife used for cutting, and finally quickly dry grinds (without adding water) dozens of times on the grindstone to make the blade highly hot to kill germs. When ramet, first bring the mother plant of Magnolia from the basin, get rid of the soil, and find out the buds that can be divided. If the daughter plant is born on the outer edge of the mother plant and the plant is small, you can hold the bulb in one hand and the base of the child plant in the other hand and tear it off; if the daughter plant is strong and not easy to break off, it should be cut off with a prepared sharp knife. Never break it by force, so as not to damage the young plants. After cutting off the offspring, you should immediately smear the wound with dried charcoal powder to absorb the fluid and prevent decay. Next, the seed plant is planted in a pot. When planting, the planting depth is to bury the false bulb at the base of the seed plant, make it slightly higher on the part of the seedling plant, and cover it with sterilized sand. Immediately after planting, pour water once, and then cover with a layer of culture soil when the wound heals 2 weeks later. It usually takes 2 months for 1 Mel to grow new roots and blossom for 1-2 years. The heredity of the magnolia propagated by the split method is relatively stable and can maintain various characteristics of the original species.