Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi and cross breeding of Magnolia grandiflora

All over the country, especially large and medium-sized cities such as Changchun, Qingdao and Nanjing, are actively exploring good ways to cultivate treasures. Through the cultivation, reproduction and observation in recent years, the author has mastered a set of artificial hybrid reproduction technology.

As follows.

Preferred male parent and female parent

According to the standard conditions of the treasured magnolia, the male parent and the female parent are selected. Such offspring will be much more likely to have treasures. Isolate and maintain the selected male and female parents from other plants, and list the names and records.

Prepare the file.

Florescence management

The selected male and female parents are not only managed like other magnolia, but also need to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer regularly to ensure the healthy growth of the plant. As it grows in the greenhouse all the year round, the flowering period is mostly in winter and early spring, and the optimum temperature of flowering period

The degree is 15 ℃-25 ℃, which is beneficial to arrow drawing, which is generally controlled at about 20 ℃, and the illumination time is increased. Especially in cloudy days or at night, adding incandescent or agricultural fluorescent lamps will make the flowers bloom brightly, and the florescence will last for half a month.

Above. In the early stage of flowering, it is necessary to catch up with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate.

Artificial pollination

(1) preparation: prepare clean pollination tools such as tweezers, small medicine bottles, small writing brushes, etc.

(2) pollination time: when a single floret blossoms for 2-3 days, the pollen of stamens matures.

When the flower blossoms, the trigeminal stigma of the pistil is best pollinated when there is mucus secretion.

The time of pollination is 9-11:00 in the morning or 1-3 in the afternoon on a sunny day, repeated the next day, when there is plenty of sunshine to improve the seed setting rate.

Pollination method

(1) when the female parent flower is just blooming, carefully remove all stamen anthers with tweezers to prevent self-pollination.

(2) when the male parent flower blossoms for 2 min for 3 days and the stamen pollen matures, the anthers are collected with tweezers and concentrated in a small medicine bottle with the same male parent and marked as spare.

(3) dip the pollen in the named medicine bottle with a small brush, gently click directly on the trigeminal stigma of the female pistil according to the pollination time, mark the name, and make a detailed record file to ensure the purity of the father and the completion of pollination.

Selection of species

The female parent Magnolia takes 9 months from pollination to fruit ripening, which is much finer than the management of ordinary Magnolia. It needs to be observed frequently to ensure that the female parent grows healthily and is free from diseases and insect pests. When the fruit changes from green to red or purplish red

Color, when the fruit is hard, it indicates that the seed is ripe. At this time, cut off the whole fruit arrow, put it in the light and ventilation place, after nearly a month of post-ripening process (if placed in a 0 ℃ thermostat, the ripening process can be completed half a month in advance), peel off

Pericarp, select the seeds with full grains and budding eyes to raise seedlings.

Raising seedlings

The breeding time of Cymbidium. Seedlings can be raised after the completion of the post-ripening process, usually from November to February of the following year.

(1) making hotbed: it is generally made of small hole plastic basket utensils that are easy to move and the depth does not exceed 10cm.

(2) raising seedlings of wood shavings (with good water and air permeability): wash the shavings of Linden and oak, put them on the hotbed and lay them flat. The seeds of the same female parent and male parent are arranged neatly downward, and the spacing is 2-3cm.

On a temperature bed, cover the seeds with a layer of wood shavings with a thickness of 2-3cm, so that the wood shavings are about 2cm away from the hotbed, then pour water thoroughly, keep the temperature between 20 ℃ and 25 ℃, and spray them in the same greenhouse every 3-5 days.

The radicle is usually seen 7-10 days after sowing, and the first true leaf grows a month later, indicating that the offspring plants begin to develop themselves.

Seedling stage management

The seedlings like light, and the temperature is generally controlled between 18 ℃-25 ℃. Before the second true leaf comes out, the seedlings are squatted for half a month at a temperature of 18 ℃-20 ℃. After the two true leaves grow, they can be transplanted from the hotbed to the flowerpot.

Inside.

(1) Pool soil selection: it is best to cultivate Magnolia with the mixture of broad-leaved oak, chestnut rotten leaf soil, needle black pine rotten leaf soil and furnace ash, and add a small amount of bone powder or fried small hemp seeds as pot soil.

The characteristics of qi and fertility are beneficial to the growth and development of fleshy roots.

(2) watering: after potted plants, water is injected from the edge of the pot, never into the heart leaves. If the water is not properly watered and the heart leaves are stored, use skimmed cotton or toilet paper to absorb it.

(3) Sunscreen: cover the greenhouse with sunscreen in summer to prevent direct sunlight.

(4) ventilation: with the rise of air temperature, the amount of ventilation is continuously increased to facilitate cooling and seedling refining.

(5) topdressing: fertilizer can be applied immediately after putting on the basin (mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer), but the concentration should be low, generally once every half a month.

(6) Disease and pest control: due to improper management, anthracnose and bacterial soft rot of Cymbidium are easy to occur in the hot and humid season in summer. Therefore, attention should be paid to improving the environment, strengthening ventilation and not watering too much.

Storing water in leaves, applying less nitrogen fertilizer and increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately in order to enhance the disease resistance of plants. Diseased leaves and spots should be cut off, burned or buried in time, and fungicides should be sprayed for chemical control.

Usually, seedlings in the annual growth period have 4-6 true leaves, which begin to blossom and bear fruit when they reach 11-13 true leaves three years later. Finally, according to the development process of offspring, we can further screen the advantages and disadvantages and do a good job in cultivating new varieties.

Do.