To explore the high-yield cultivation techniques of edible fungi and the breeding techniques of colored magnolia.

Since the emergence of colored orchids, appreciation standards have changed greatly. At first, as long as it is colored orchid, there are ecliptic and white road. Later, the appreciation standards of green orchid are gradually added, such as aspect ratio, roundness, brightness, jumping, fine orchid quality, good head shape, good plant shape, Yuan throne, good rigidity, etc., which have been fully adopted. In general, in addition to having the color blue color road, but also have the green blue appreciation standards, the specific requirements are as follows:

Color distribution evenly: white and green alternate, to have a certain proportion.

Color contrast is good: green and white clear, bright and charming, exquisitely transparent, three-dimensional sense, transparent sense, refreshing sense.

The stability of the color channel is good: the color channel distribution of the orchids is more uniform on each leaf, and the closer each leaf is, the better.

The color of colored orchids roughly has five types: Fu Lun Dao, Yuanyang Dao, Color Dao and Canary Dao. There are Chinese orchids, Japanese orchids, Henglan orchids and finch orchids. In breeding, color requirements and variety characteristics must be considered, and parents must be carefully selected. Some previous breeding experiences are summarized as follows.

parental selection

Since the emergence of colored Clivia in 1980s, the hybrid emergence rate has been 15%~20%. Only when the plants with uniform color stripes are selected as female parents, the emergence rate may reach 70%. Therefore, when selecting parents, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the characters between father and female parent, and achieve complementary characters, so that it is possible to obtain excellent seedlings.

maternal selection

According to the experience of predecessors, the female parent should first choose silk Tao Lan with very transparent silk channel, the front and rear silk channels can penetrate, and the color channels should be evenly distributed and the color purity should be high; the greater the contrast between porcelain white and dark green, the better. Then consider other characters, such as leaf length, width, aspect ratio, vein, head shape, seat shape, brightness, thickness, stiffness and other conditions. Under the condition that the seedling rate of progeny is guaranteed and the ratio of colored orchid of progeny is high, the more consistent with the standard of Clivia, the better.

paternal selection

Select male parent, first select more transparent silk daolan. Secondly, considering the defects existing in the female parent traits, it plays a role in making up, transforming and enhancing the female parent traits. In production practice, we can find that some male parents have good quality, but the offspring obtained from different female parents are different. Therefore, the selection of excellent male parents requires long-term practice, recording, observation and summary to determine.

hybridization

Clivia flowers do not bear fruit, need artificial pollination. After parents are selected, correct pollination techniques can be implemented to obtain a large number of fruits.

Prepare for pollination

Before pollination, prepare the necessary pollination tools: toothpicks, brushes, glass dishes, tweezers, labels, pencils or ballpoint pens for pollination. When flowering more, prepare more pollination tools, and be sure to use one set of pollination tools for each male parent. Determine the optimal pollination time

2~ 3 days after the anther tepals dehisced, the pistil stigma began to secrete mucus and the pistil matured, which was the best pollination period. The best pollination time in a day is 9:00 ~10:00 in the morning or 13:00 ~14:00 in the afternoon.

Pollen collection in time

When the male stamens emerge from the perianth, anthers dehisce and pollen begins to flow, remove the male stamens with tweezers, pop the yellow pollen into a glass dish and cover it for use. Pollen collection should not be too late, too late pollen is easy to lose.

pollination operation

When the flower petals of female parent are about to unfold or are in big bud stage, the flower petals are artificially unfolded, the stamens without powder are removed one by one with tweezers, and then attention is paid to observation. After 2~ 3 days, stigma began to secrete mucus, indicating that pistil was mature and could be pollinated. Pollinate with a brush, toothpick or other tools stained with pollen grains, to female pistil stigma gently a flick, until the pollen grains stick to the stigma can be. Direct pollination can also be used. The method comprises the following steps of: picking stamens capable of releasing pollen with tweezers, directly rubbing the stigma with the anther of the male parent, and finishing the pollination operation after yellow pollen grains are stuck on the stigma. To ensure good pollinating, pollinate again the next morning or the following year. Be sure to pollinate twice with pollen from the same male parent. A set of pollinating tools only pollinates the pollen of one male parent. If necessary, it should be used after completely killing the pollen grains of the previous male parent. Don't wait for all the small flowers to bloom when pollination, but pollinate the flowers in different periods in time to ensure successful pollination. Pollinated florets should be labeled with the name of pollination time, times, paternal name and operator.

After pollination, pay attention to observation, and timely remove Clivia flowers, do not wait for natural shedding, so as not to consume nutrients. In general, after pollination, the ovary began to expand obviously, indicating successful pollination.

After the fruit is stable, if the soil has not been changed in the previous year, the soil should be changed in time. After the soil is changed, 800 times of carbendazim liquid medicine should be poured immediately to prevent the root system from rotting and supply water in time to prevent fruit dropping. Then it goes into the normal maternal management phase.

seed collection

Entering winter, the fruit of Clivia after about 8 months of growth and development, some seeds began to appear color, indicating that the fruit is mature, to timely harvest seeds. When collecting seeds, cut off the whole scape with a knife in the middle and lower part of the scape and hang it in a cool and ventilated place. After 10~15 days of post-ripening, the seeds are peeled from the fruits, washed with clean water, dried, stored or sown immediately. Seed stripping should be carried out at the same time, to eliminate poor development, no seed hole and too small seeds.

After harvesting seeds, make a simple record. Such as number, harvest date, seed name, paternal parent name, flower color, plant type and adaptability. Labeled and placed in bags as a basis for subsequent seed treatment, storage, exchange and seeding. The seeds are then stored in a low temperature, dry, sealed environment to maintain germination and wait for sowing.