How to raise Orchid-30 wonderful summaries, know the prevention and control methods of edible fungus diseases

1. What kind of flowerpot is the best for cultivating orchids?

Answer: gentleman orchid is fleshy root, drought resistance is strong, but afraid of waterlogging, so not only the soil requirements are loose, water permeability is good, the flowerpot also requires water permeability, air permeability is good. Mud basin, also known as sukiyaki basin, is fully equipped with these two conditions. Therefore, mud basin is the best choice for planting magnolia.

two。 What kind of soil is the best for cultivating magnolia?

Answer: according to the physiological characteristics of Cymbidium, it is required that the soil is loose and breathable, has good water retention, fertilizer retention, and is relatively fertile, in order to adapt to the root growth of Cymbidium, rotten leaf soil has these characteristics. Therefore, it is best to choose rotten leaf soil. Rotten leaf soil includes oak leaf soil, oak leaf soil, hazel leaf soil and larch needle soil and so on. Must use naturally mature leaf soil, must not contain other impurities. According to different needs, different sieves can be selected to screen out suitable particles. Small grains are used for growing seedlings, and larger grains are used for orchids.

3. What problems should be paid attention to in watering the magnolia?

A: water is the source of all things, and it is also a necessary condition for raising a gentleman's orchid. First of all, it is necessary to select the quality of the water, which requires neutral and slightly acidic acidity. Use tap water to water the flowers, that is, put the water in the container for two or three days before use. It's better to put it in the sun. Well water or other water is also best placed in the flower cellar or the place where the flowers are placed for a day or two, so that the water temperature is consistent with the temperature of the flower soil before the flowers can be watered, so as to avoid excessive temperature difference between water and soil, causing harm to the flowers. Watering time is best in the morning or evening, according to the dry and wet conditions of the basin soil to determine the interval time of watering, can not be formulated. Can directly water the stems and leaves of the plant, large flowers, especially Arrow flowers or flowering flowers can not be directly watered on the leaves, which will make the arrows rot or affect the pollination effect. In summer, the temperature is high and the weather is hot, and the temperature of the flower leaves is very high. You can't water the leaves at noon to prevent the orchid from catching a cold and damage to the leaves.

4. What kind of fertilizer should be used in Gentleman?

Answer: Cymbidium is a kind of fattening flowers, which is very important to the growth of Cymbidium. It is best to choose organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is fermented by retting raw materials and applied after ripening, such as soybean cake, castor seeds, soybeans, sesame seeds, forests and other oil crops with more nitrogen components. The ones with higher phosphorus content are bone meal, fish scales, rice bran and poultry feces, while those with higher potassium content are plant ash, charcoal, rice straw ash and so on. The growth of Magnolia can not be separated from the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and some fine slag, river sand and eggshell can also be mixed in the soil to increase the content of trace elements.

5. How to make fertilizer for magnolia retting?

Answer: organic fertilizer must have a retting fermentation process, so that the raw material can be turned into fertilizer, unfermented raw material can not be directly used as fertilizer. Before retting fertilizer, the raw materials should be crushed and cooked at high temperature, which can not only sterilize but also shorten the fermentation time. Retting nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer had better be divided into different containers, put 1 beat 3 raw materials and 1 hand 3 water, do not fill up, so as not to overflow the container during fermentation, the lid should not be too strict, and the gas can be discharged from the container during fermentation. It is best to use wide-mouth plastic buckets, because plastic buckets do not rust and are easy to use. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can also be produced by mixed retting according to a certain proportion. The fermentation time depends on the temperature, the temperature is high and the fermentation is fast. Summer is a good time to ferment fertilizer. To judge whether the fertilizer is fermented well, it depends on whether it stinks, whether it is not crushed like soybeans, whether there is a hard core, and whether the fermented fertilizer is smelly and sticky and delicate. This kind of fertilizer can be used.

6. How to add fertilizer to the magnolia?

A: adding base fertilizer means adding some fried or boiled shelled oil crops at the bottom of the flowerpot when changing the pot, such as sesame seeds, perilla seeds, sunflower seeds, castor seeds and bone meal grains. Commonly known as solid fertilizer. The method of adding bottom fertilizer is to put a layer of soil on the bottom of the basin, spread a layer of raw materials evenly on the soil, cover it with a layer of soil, and then plant the flowers directly on it to complete the whole process of adding bottom. Remember not to put the raw material in direct contact with the root. The characteristic of adding base fertilizer is that the fertilizer effect is long and uniform, and the fertility is slowly seeped from the cracks in the oil crop shell and absorbed by the flower root system. Generally speaking, the method of adding base fertilizer is often used to change soil in autumn.

7. How to fatten the edge of the magnolia?

Answer: the raw materials of the so-called edge fertilizer are the same as those with base fertilizer, except that after the flowers are planted in a pot, peel off a circle of soil at the edge of the pot and spread the shelled oil crops evenly on the edge of the pot, but do not come into direct contact with the flowerpot. Put a layer of soil between them, not next to the false fresh stem of the flower, nor bury it too deep, do not touch the root directly, and then cover it with a layer of soil. The characteristic of adding edge fertilizer is that the solid fertilizer is not in direct contact with the root, and it is infiltrated slowly from top to bottom, and the soil can be changed in both spring and autumn. Family orchids can be raised by adding base fertilizer or edge fertilizer to prevent the odor of adding water and fertilizer from polluting the home environment.

8. How to apply liquid fertilizer to gentleman orchid?

Answer: Cymbidium is a kind of fertilizer-loving flowers, especially in spring, autumn and winter, so it is necessary to apply water and fertilizer to it. The method of topdressing is to dilute the retting fertilizer solution by 10-25 times with water. The way to top fertilizer: one is to pour diluted fat water directly into the basin. First, dilute the original fertilizer solution 10-15 times, wet the soil in the flowerpot with a spray pot, then pour the diluted water directly into the basin, and then pour water into the basin again, that is, complete the whole process of topdressing. The other is fattening. Also known as sitting fat. The step is to dilute the fat solution 20-25 times. Put it in a large container, soak the flowerpot directly in fat water, repeatedly water the pot with a spoon until it is thoroughly watered, then take it out to the flowerpot forest and finish the whole process of sitting fertilizer. The former method is suitable for the application of water and fertilizer in a large area, while the latter method is uniform, but it is more time-consuming and time-consuming, and is suitable for small areas or family cultivation and flower cellar cultivation of some high-grade key varieties.

9. What is the reason why orchids do not blossom after adulthood?

Answer: there are many reasons why the orchid does not blossom in its adult age. First, it does not change the soil for a long time, and there is a serious lack of phosphate fertilizer and other elements in the soil. Second, rotten roots cause malnutrition and lead to non-flowering. Third, there is a drought and lack of water, which leads to non-flowering. The way to improve it is that adult orchids must change soil and pour basins and add more scaly fertilizers such as bone meal, fish scales and so on. Adult orchids with rotten roots should focus on raising their roots, and the soil should be mixed with more sand or fine furnace slag to restore the roots as soon as possible. If there is a long-term drought and lack of water, the whole basin must be soaked to prevent a large amount of watering. The false appearance that the soil is still dry and thoroughly watered out from the drought cracks. As long as the above practices are taken, adult orchids will certainly blossom in beautiful flowers.

10. What is the reason why the gentleman orchid caught the arrow and what to do?

A: adult orchids blossom and clip arrows is a common problem encountered by orchid farmers. The so-called clip arrow is that the shaft of the arrow is not drawn, and the flowers bloom are called clip arrows. There are many reasons for entrapment of arrows, and different measures should be taken to improve them. First, the temperature difference is small, especially in the family indoor, the temperature is similar during the day and night, the temperature difference is only 2-3 degrees, which is not conducive to drawing arrows, improve the method, put it on the windowsill during the day and 5-10 degrees below the windowsill temperature at night. This creates a small artificial temperature difference, and the arrow can be pulled out. Second, the water is large and hypertrophic, which makes the roots in a state of hypoxia and hypertrophy is easy to hurt the roots. The method of improvement is to pour the soil, wash the roots to dry them, wash the roots with clean water and dry them in a cool place for 4-5 hours, and then replace them with new nutritious soil. After a few days, the arrow can jump out. Third, the root is rotten and the root system withered, which is caused by impermeable water for a long time. To improve the method, the new soil is watered and watered, and the new root is cultivated. After the new root grows, the sword will be drawn out. Some other reasons, such as the temperature is too high and the temperature is too low, can be improved by prescribing the right medicine. At present, there is no good way to solve the phenomenon of arrow entrapment caused by the physiological defects caused by the coexistence of sparrow orchid, yellow orchid and other varieties, which is a new subject in the cultivation and scientific research of Cymbidium.

11. What is the reason for the rotten roots of a gentleman's orchid, and what to do?

Answer: gentleman orchid rotten root is a common phenomenon, what is the cause? first, the high temperature environment water is large, long-term massive watering makes the root immersed in water for a long time, resulting in anoxia leading to rotting root. Second, hypertrophy and burning roots, excessive concentration of water and fertilizer or excessive application of solid fertilizer will lead to rotting roots. Third, do not change the basin soil for a long time, so that the soil is hardened and impervious, resulting in rotting roots. Fourth, after long-term drought, the roots withered and too much watering led to root rot. Fifth, the use of raw soil, no mature leaves, fermentation in the basin to produce heat burn roots or poor soil selection to produce rotten roots. No matter what causes rotten roots, corresponding measures must be taken in time. (1) the rotten root is removed; (2) the root is washed and washed with potassium permanganate, disinfected and sterilized. Can also use purple potion, charcoal ash, straw ash and other smear wound, change new soil to control watering, can not add fertilizer, half a month later can send out new roots.

twelve。 How about spraying water on the leaves of Cymbidium?

Answer: the leaf of Cymbidium is an important organ for light and action, such as dust or dirt on the leaf surface is not conducive to light and action. Spraying water to the leaf surface regularly can clean the dust and dirt on the leaf surface and maintain the wettability of the leaf. Especially in summer, it is necessary to spray water to the leaves of Cymbidium every day, the best spray of water is fine mist, there is a certain pressure, so that the leaves produce dewdrop. Spraying water to the leaf surface can reduce the evaporation of leaf moisture, reduce the leaf temperature, and prevent the excessive growth of leaves. However, when the orchid is in full bloom, do not spray water on the arrow and flowers, in order to prevent rotten arrows and flushing away pollen, unable to keep fruit. Family orchids can spray water on the leaves many times a day to create a humid environment and facilitate the growth of orchids.

13. What if the leaves of Cymbidium are not neat?

Answer: the phototropism of the leaves of Cymbidium is very strong, if the management is not good, it is easy to produce the skewed phenomenon of leaves, which affects the viewing of Cymbidium. The first way to correct the leaf skew is to use soft paper on the plastic cushion to directly clip the skewed leaves together with the normal leaves, which can be corrected over a period of time. Second, the use of opaque tin black park paper, or thin cardboard according to the length of the leaf, folded into 1x2 leaf width fixed on the leaf with hairpin or crooked pin, the leaf is skewed over there, fixed there, the leaf will be restored after a few days, pay attention to observe at any time to prevent overcorrection. Third, the gentleman orchid frontal view, some two leaves distance is large, some two leaves are next to each other, can use thick cardboard, make a cover board, according to the number of flowers and leaves, open some slots with the same distance, and the plot is stuck inside. After the above various methods of treatment, plastic surgery, so that the gentleman orchid to see a line, face up to the ideal flower shape like a fan.

14. How to store the collected pollen?

Answer: the collected pollen will be picked after the anther at the top of the stamen is opened and pollinated, in preparation for artificial pollination of the pistil of its own flower. So how to keep and store the collected pollen? First of all, a medicine bottle for penicillin should be prepared, the glue lid should be lifted, washed, dried, rolled into a roll-shaped cork with toilet paper, the root of the near stamen should be clamped with tweezers or hemostatic forceps, rolled to the middle of the cork of the paper roll, and a section of stamen rod should be exposed. Then the pollen should be corked toward the bottle and placed in a refrigerator freezer or in a cool and dry place. The temperature should be controlled within 3 ℃ ~ 10 ℃ above zero. When you use it, take it out and put it back in place immediately. Keep the pollen away from high temperature and sun exposure. If you want to preserve precious pollen every other year, the outside of the cork can be covered with melted paraffin to prevent ventilation. Then put it in the freezer and keep it for one year, and use it the next year, or you can set fruit.

15. How to choose the best time for pollination? How to pollinate the magnolia?

Answer: the female bud begins to secrete mucus at the top of the stigma 3-4 days after flowering, which is easy to stick to pollen, which is the best time for pollination. The time of pollination is generally 9-10 a.m. and 2-3 p.m. Because at this time, the flower cellar and indoor temperature rises, the sun is abundant, and the climate is dry, which is beneficial to the pollination effect. Point the collected pollen with tweezers or the pollen rolled in a paper roll to the pistil of the plant to be pollinated, that is, the trigeminal stigma, and see that the trigeminal stigma is stained with pollen. To be on the safe side, give it again the next day.