Understand how to cultivate edible fungi and planting techniques of broccoli in spring

The spring planting techniques of broccoli are as follows:

1. Variety selection: varieties with high quality and early maturity.

2. Seedling management: broccoli is usually planted from February to March in spring, and the temperature is low in spring, so it can be transplanted one month later.

There are generally two ways to raise broccoli seedlings, one is to spread directly to the ground to raise seedlings, and the other is to use burrowing trays to raise seedlings. Using hole tray to raise seedlings, 128 standard seedling trays can be selected, one seed is sown in each hole, and 0.5 cm thick base material is covered after sowing. No matter which seedling method is used, because broccoli requires a lot of water at the seedling stage, attention should be paid to keeping the soil moist, and the soil relative humidity at the seedling stage is about 70% and 80%. Do not be too dry and wet, affecting the growth of seedlings. In addition, due to the low external temperature in the seedling stage, we should pay attention to covering the film for heat preservation, and pay attention to cover the grass curtain for heat preservation at night.

3. Cultivate strong trees:

Timely planting: spring open field cultivation is usually in the middle and late March, and the suitable planting period is when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves. Early planting, seedlings may encounter low temperature and early heading; planting too late, seedling aging, will affect the growth and development of seedlings and make the flower bulb smaller. Therefore, it must be planted at the right time.

Planting density, generally speaking, the planting distance of broccoli is 50-60 cm. If the planting is too sparse, there is no yield; if the planting is too dense, the yield and quality are not guaranteed. Because there are more leaves of broccoli, there are 17 light leaves of one broccoli, and the spreading area is wide. If the plant is too dense, the leaves can not be extended to both sides, showing an upright shape, and the bulb is not well developed.

Buckle small arch shed to raise temperature and promote slow seedling: after broccoli planting, because the external temperature is low, and broccoli is not resistant to frost, in order to promote slow seedling, heat preservation should be done after planting. For open-air cultivation, when planting in the middle and late March, it is best to temporarily hold the shed for heat preservation because of the low external temperature. Generally, the shed should be sealed for 4-5 days. After that, with the expansion of new leaves and the rise of external temperature, the ventilation rate should be gradually increased, so that the temperature in the small arch shed is not higher than 25 degrees. Generally speaking, when the external temperature is above 15 degrees, that is, around April 20 every year, the small arch needs to be removed to avoid excessive temperature affecting the development of flower buds.

Generally speaking, slow seedling water should be watered in time after slow seedling, and then pay attention to keep the soil moist to prevent water shortage before and after flower bud differentiation (6-7 leaves), resulting in early budding. About 10-15 days after planting slow seedlings, 10 kg of urea and 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer were applied per mu to promote plant growth and cultivate strong trees.

4. Grasp the key of management to prevent abnormal flower ball.

Skillfully applying fertilizer and water to promote flower bulb expansion: in the process of cultivation, topdressing should be carried out in time during the bud stage of the plant and before the head expansion stage, including 10 kg of urea, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. But avoid the application of nitrogen fertilizer. In the case of too much nitrogen fertilizer, the flower branches grow rapidly, and it is easy to lead to loose flowers after elongation. After broccoli enters the flower bulb expansion period, watering should not be blind, especially when the broccoli grows fast enough, it is best not to water, in case of loose balls, affecting the commodity. If the soil is very dry, it can be watered properly.

Adjust the temperature and light to prevent the bulb from yellowing and scorching buds: when broccoli enters the bulb expansion period, it will cause the bulb to turn yellow or scorched buds in the case of insufficient sunshine or strong light. In order to avoid this situation, when the outer leaves are too luxuriant due to over-dense planting, the bouquet will turn yellow because it does not get enough light, so it is necessary to pick the leaves properly. In the case of excessive light, leaves can be removed and covered on the bouquet to reduce the occurrence of scorched buds. When the temperature is higher than 24 degrees, broccoli is easy to form loose balls, blossom becomes yellow, flower seeds become bigger, and the quality becomes worse; above 30 degrees, bud balls can not be formed at all; below 8 degrees bud balls grow slowly. Therefore, must pay attention to increase windbreak and appropriate leaf shade, adjust the temperature.

0.1% borax and 0.05% Mel 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution can be sprayed on the leaves during the bulb expansion period to improve the quality of the corm and reduce the hollowness of the stem.

Timely harvest, anti-bouquet loose: the harvest of broccoli is relatively strict, generally should be harvested before the bouquet has been fully grown, the surface is round, and the edge is not scattered. Because at this time is May, the temperature gradually increases, the corm grows rapidly, if the harvest is not timely, the bulb is easy to loose, or even yellowing, reducing the commodity and quality. When harvesting, take 10 centimeters of flower stem under the bulb and cut it together.

In addition, we should pay attention to early prevention of diseases and insect pests. When broccoli is cultivated in spring, there are generally few diseases and insect pests. However, in the early stage, in the case of high humidity, downy mildew is easy to occur, which can be prevented by enoylmorpholine or Prik spray. In the later stage of plant development, with the rise of temperature, insect pests are easy to occur, which should be controlled as soon as possible, mainly cabbage insect, Plutella xylostella and aphids, which can be controlled by spinosad, methamectin and avermectin.