Technical rules for bumper harvest cultivation of broccoli, know the prevention and control methods of edible fungus diseases

Broccoli has the characteristics of strong growth, mild damage to diseases and insect pests, two crops a year, obvious economic benefits, and the benefit is 2 times that of other vegetable varieties. This procedure includes broccoli seedling cultivation, planting, field management, pest control and other skills.

1. Raising seedlings

one. 1 time of raising seedlings

The seedlings were raised in the small arch shed in early April and in the open field in the middle of June.

one. 2Variety selection

High quality varieties with luxuriant growth, dark green buds, few burnt buds, arcuate heads, few lateral buds, tight bulbs, disease resistance and heat resistance, cold tolerance and wide adaptability should be selected, such as Jade Crown, Green Ridge, Hayizi, evergreen broccoli and so on.

one. 3 nursery bed preparation

After harvesting the previous crop 5 days before sowing, the soil was turned over, 15 kg of rotten sifted organic fertilizer, 25 g of diammonium phosphate per square meter of seedling bed, and 5 grams of 50% thiophanate or 10 grams of 50% carbendazim were used to disinfect the soil, flatten the border surface and prepare for sowing. In the new vegetable area, the soil in the field is very barren, and the nutritive soil can be prepared beforehand. After the nursery bed is prepared, the soil will be 15 mi 20 cm thick. The nutrient soil distribution method is a mixture of non-cruciferous garden soil and rotten organic fertilizer at 7:3, adding phosphate fertilizer 2Mel 3kg to each side of mixed soil, urine

Vegetarian 1Mel 2kg, plant ash 15kg, mixed better than sieve. If possible, 30% vermiculite powder, 30% slag, 20% garden soil, 20% mature organic fertilizer, and 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer or 0% diammonium phosphate are added to each nutritious soil. 50kg, oil dregs, chicken droppings 2mur3kg. It's better to mix than sift.

one. 4 sowing

Disinfect the seeds before sowing, that is, use 0 of the seed weight. 25% of 50% Fumishuang wettable powder mixed with seeds. The seed can also be soaked in warm water for 4 hours, and the amount of water used for soaking is 4 times that of the seed. After soaking, the seed can be germinated for 24 hours, and the temperature is 20 ℃. The seed can be sowed when the seed is white. Pour enough bottom water before sowing, raise seedlings in a 10 cm x 10 cm nutrition bowl, sow 1 seed per bowl, 30 ml per mu, and 0% cotton sand covered after sowing. 80 cm, spray 70% topiramate 800 times or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times, then cover with plastic film or paper, which is beneficial to germination and emergence.

one. 5Seedling stage management

The temperature is slightly higher before emergence, and the temperature is lowered by plastic film immediately after emergence. The temperature in the greenhouse is 20 ℃ 25 ℃ during the day and not less than 12 ℃ at night. The seedlings are unearthed, and the cotyledons are expanded to properly control water to avoid overgrowth. Before planting, the seedlings are watered thoroughly for 7 days, cut into pieces, and at the same time, ventilation and cooling are increased. Nylon net is hung at the vents, and poison bait is applied around the seedling field to prevent the entry of pests and damage caused by black stripes.

2. Colonization

two. 1 planting period

The seedlings can be planted after growing up to 5 Mel and 6 leaves, and the seedling age is 30 mi 35 days.

two. (2) soil preparation and fertilization

After the harvest of the previous crop, the residual branches and weeds in the field were eliminated in time 5 days before planting, and high-quality rotten organic fertilizer was applied to 5 cubic meters, 100 kg of oil residue, 20 kg of urea, 50 kg of ammonium superphosphate, mixed application, ridging after deep turning, ridge width of 70 cm, furrow width of 40 cm, ridge height of 20 cm, covering plastic film after raking fine, looking forward to planting.

two. 3 colonization method

The method of planting seedlings before watering was adopted. Transplanting seedlings with soil to reduce root damage. According to the row spacing of 45 cm x 55 cm, about 2700 seedlings are protected per mu. When planting seedlings, they are planted according to the "D" shape, the teeth are opened on the film on the ridge surface with a blade, the seedlings are fixed by digging holes, and the seedling water is irrigated in time. After that, the plastic film around the seedling hole is paved and compacted, and irrigated once according to the seedling condition.

3. Field management

three. 1 topdressing

Application of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate was 15kg / mu, 15kg / mu, 10kg / mu, 5kg / mu, 10kg / mu, 15kg / mu, 15kg / mu, 10kg / mu, 15kg / mu, 10kg / mu and 5kg / mu, respectively. 0.5% Mutual 0. 10% borax solution and ammonium molybdate solution. Spray Gao Meishi or Shibao once after the formation of the bouquet. In order to improve the quality of the flower ball and reduce the occurrence of yellow bud and coke bud.

three. 2 watering

It should be watered in time after each topdressing, properly controlled after the setting period, and the flower ball should be watered in time after going straight through 2mur3cm, usually watering 4mur5 times after planting, and stagnant watering 7 days before harvest.

three. 3 removal of lateral branches

The lateral buds of the special varieties of the terminal corm should be removed before the corm is harvested, and the varieties of the dual use of the apical bulb have more lateral branches, usually leaving 5 strong lateral branches in the middle and upper part and then wiping off the thin and weak lateral branches in order to reduce the consumption of nutrients. When 60% Mel 80% of the main stem cords are harvested, they are irrigated and fertilized to promote the growth of lateral corms, and harvested when the lateral bulbs grow up to 7 Mel 10 cm.

three. 4 harvesting

The use of pesticides is prohibited two weeks before harvest. It is better to harvest in the early morning and dusk, cut off the flower bud clusters together with the fat and tender stems, and leave about 4 leaflets to protect the bouquet. A single ball weighs 300 won 500 grams.

4. Pest control

four. 1 pest control

The main key insects of broccoli are aphids, cabbage worm, cabbage moth and green leafhopper.

Rational layout, avoid annual continuous cropping of cruciferous vegetables in small fields, and eliminate pastoral residual branches.

Use phoxim, Uranus, kill, fenvalerate, kung fu, BT, Sefudine, etc., spray. A small amount of washing powder can be added to the medicine. If the leafhopper is in full bloom, the powder of leafhopper powder should be used.

four. (2) Disease control

The main diseases at seedling stage, such as quenching disease and blight disease, were treated with chlorothalonil, disinfectant alum and Dysen zinc, and mixed with a small amount of washing powder and sprayed for 3 times.

Bacterial black rot: rotation with non-cruciferous vegetables, which can be killed by spraying at the initial stage of the disease. Agricultural streptomycin and neophytomycin are used once every 10 days for 3 times.

Downy mildew: strengthen water and fertilizer management, reasonable planting, control with chlorothalonil, metalaxyl manganese zinc, aluminum triethyl phosphonate, antivirus alum, DuPont dew and so on.

Black spot: crop rotation. Two kinds of black spot can be controlled by alternating or mixed spraying of promethazol, chlorothalonil, agricultural streptomycin and so on.