Fertilization techniques for Orchid planting, fresh-keeping, Storage and Transportation, and Edible Fungi

The medium of growing orchids is very easy to get sour, how to overcome it?

Using aquatic plants to grow orchids, after a few days, the aquatic plants become sour after being contaminated by bacteria that produce organic acids, and then the orchid rhizosphere is prone to blackheads (Fusarium infection).

If the medium for growing orchids is boiled in water or sterilized at high temperature in a sterilizer, why can't the problem of orchid blackheads be completely overcome?

Some orchid gardens boil water plants or sterilize them at high temperature before planting orchids. Although they can temporarily kill bacteria and insect eggs, the acidity of water plants still occurs after planting, which leads to blackheads in the orchid root circle. This is because orchids are still contaminated by bacteria that produce organic acids after planting.

How to reduce blackhead problem by planting orchids?

The blackhead phenomenon in the orchid rhizosphere is mainly due to the contamination of the medium, such as aquatic plants, by bacteria that produce organic acids, resulting in the acidification of the medium and the proliferation of Fusarium (Fusarium grows best around ph4), so increasing the pH of the medium can reduce the infection of Fusarium.

How to reduce blackheads effectively?

Watering orchids with small molecular water-soluble chitin and actinomycetes diluted 2000 times can effectively reduce the blackhead phenomenon of orchids. Water plants and other media were soaked in 1000 times diluted small molecular water-soluble chitin and actinomycetes for 1-5 minutes, then drained and then planted.

What is small molecular water-soluble chitin? What good is it for orchids?

Chitin is widely distributed in nature, such as crustaceans (shrimp, crab, etc.), insects (cockroaches, butterflies), molluscs (clams, oysters) and endoskeleton (squid). Chitin (chitin) is obtained after calcium and protein are removed by acid-alkali treatment. Chitin (chitosan) is obtained after deacetylation by high temperature and high alkali treatment. Chitin and chitin are collectively called chitin.

Advantages of chitin in orchids:

1. Making the medium continuous as ┈┈ chitin can increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the medium, such as actinomycetes, reduce harmful bacteria such as fusarium, eliminate nodule nematodes and reduce the disturbance of medium continuous cropping.

2. Promote the healing and development of root wound, increase the root hair and increase the nutrient absorption. Promote plant growth.

3. Induce the production of plant antitoxin (phytoalexin), improve the disease resistance and antibacterial ability of crops, so as to reduce the use of pesticides.

4. Increasing the calcium content of orchid can increase the stiffness.

5. Enhance the absorption of trace elements, increase the content of reducing sugar in leaves, harvest early, improve quality and prolong the shelf life.

Actinomycetes are very common Gram-positive bacteria in natural soil, and more than 400 species are known. Because most of them have the ability to produce antibiotic substances (antibiotic), they have been used in the prevention and control of crop diseases for more than half a century since the first wasksman's report in 1943. Similar successful cases are mainly the production of antibiotic preparations. It is most well known that streptomycin (streptomycin) is used to treat bacterial diseases in a variety of fruits, vegetables and flowers. In addition, actinomycetes can also decompose organic matter and produce extracellular enzymes to decompose protein, cellulose, lignin and crab shell, so this property can be used to deal with microorganisms with chitin cell walls. For example, adding chitin to the soil can control fusarium, mainly because chitin decomposing enzymes secreted by actinomycetes can cause the dissolution of pathogenic hyphae.

What are the benefits of using small molecular water-soluble chitin and actinomycetes at the same time for orchids?

At the same time, chitin and actinomycetes are used to irrigate orchids. Chitin has bacteriostatic effect and can promote the growth of actinomycetes, inhibit the growth of Fusarium and promote wound healing, such as anthracnose, which causes black spots on leaves.

What is the effect of ethylene on orchids?

Orchids are very sensitive to ethylene, as long as the ethylene of 0.01ppm can cause the flowers of Wandai orchid to wilt. Secondly, Southeast Asia takes the second place. Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, slipper orchid followed by Oncidium insensitive to ethylene, provincial production of Phalaenopsis 0.09ppm ethylene treatment, can induce aging, resulting in flower shedding and anhydrous wilting and other aging symptoms. Ethylene causes the tip of the sepals of orchids to wither and the lips turn red. The initial symptoms of aging are the transparency of calyx and petals, followed by protruding veins and delamination, resulting in the shedding of florets.

In addition, the sensitivity of flowers to ethylene will increase with the increase of maturity or after water loss, high temperature, disease and so on.

Why does the bud pot seedling orchid turn yellow in the process of storage and transportation?

The yellow leaves and bracts of budding seedlings after long-distance transportation are mainly affected by high ethylene concentration and bacterial infection.