Technical regulations for broccoli cultivation and matters needing attention for rehydration of edible fungi

1. The improved varieties are selected, which have strong plant growth potential, upright and compact plant shape, dark green leaves, more wax, dark green, compact, small buds, large globules, beautiful balls and resistant to transportation.

two。 The first is to prevent the seedling age from being too long, so as not to form small old seedlings and early budding, and the other is to prevent the seedlings from growing too long, and the plant growth is thin, which leads to a reduction in yield.

2.1 before sowing, the seedbed is prepared to turn the ground, 15 kg of rotten farm manure and 25 g of diammonium phosphate are applied to each square meter of seedbed, and the soil is disinfected with 5 grams of 50% topramate or 10 grams of 50% carbendazim. Then spread 15-20 cm thick nutritious soil on the seedbed (nutrient soil preparation: prepare nutritious soil with 1 part of sifted mature farm manure and 2 parts of sifted fertile garden soil. Add 1 kg of superphosphate or 0.50 kg of diammonium phosphate per cubic meter of nutritious soil, mix 2-3 kg of hemp dregs and chicken manure and use.

2.2 before sowing, soak the seeds in 50 ℃ warm water for 20 minutes and then immediately cool them in cold water. After drying, the seedlings are raised in early April in spring and in mid-June in summer. Pour sufficient bottom water before seedling sowing, divide it into small squares of 7cm x 7cm, put a small nest of fingers in the middle, each litter with 2 seeds, and then evenly use a fine sieve to sprinkle fine cotton sand 0.80cm thick. Spray 70% thiothalonil 1000-fold solution or 75% chlorothalonil 1000-fold solution and 4% methyl isophosphates 1000-fold solution to prevent seedling bed diseases and insect pests, and finally use bamboo sticks to form a small arch shed, which is covered with plastic film.

2.3 Seedling stage management should be strict with the three hurdles at the seedling stage. First, the film should be uncovered in time. Plastic film mulching time is long, the temperature in the arch shed is high, the seedlings are easy to grow; second, timely and appropriate irrigation. The soil should be kept moist at the seedling stage to prevent excessive water or drought. Generally, the seedlings should be unearthed. After the cotyledons are unfolded, the moisture should be properly controlled to prevent the seedlings from growing. The third is to prevent diseases and insect pests. The main pests in the seedling stage of broccoli are aphids, cabbage insects, black velvet beetles, which are suitable for symptomatic control of pesticides. Aphids and cauliflower were controlled with 2.5% deltamethrin 2500 times or 20% of deltamethrin EC 2000-3000 times or 2.5% Kuaishaling EC (10 ml per mu). The black velvet beetle shell was mixed with 5 grams of fried wheat bran and 50 grams of 4% methyl isosinophos as poison bait and sprinkled around the seedbed for control.

3. Colonization

3.1 fertilizing and planting land with high quality rotten farm manure 4000kg / mu, hemp residue 100kg, urea 10kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg / mu as base fertilizer, then ploughing and leveling the ridge (ridge), the ridge width is 70 cm, the furrow width is 30 cm, the ridge height is 20 cm, and the ridge surface is covered with 90 cm plastic film, waiting to be planted.

3.2 when the seedlings had 5 or 6 leaves, the seedlings could be planted at the age of about 45 days, watered thoroughly two days before planting, cut into pieces, seedlings and transplanting to reduce root damage. According to the row spacing of 50 cm to 60 cm and the plant spacing of 45 cm to 50 cm, the seedlings were protected by 2500 to 3000 plants per mu.

4. Field management

4.1 topdressing for the first time 10-15 days after topdressing and planting slow seedlings. Topdressing urea 10kg / mu, diammonium phosphate 15kg / mu, spraying plant power 2003 liquid fertilizer 15ml / mu, forcing the second fertilizer when the top bud appeared, 1520kg diammonium phosphate per mu. 0.05% O.10% borax solution and ammonium molybdate solution were sprayed on the leaves during the bulb expansion period to improve the quality of the bulb and reduce the occurrence of yellow buds and coke buds. At the same time, 15 ml of plant power 2003 liquid fertilizer was sprayed per mu to promote bulb expansion, increase crop nutrition and improve crop resistance to stress and disease.

4.2 irrigation should be timely after topdressing each time, irrigation should be properly controlled after the rosette stage, and the flower head should be irrigated in time after 2cm in diameter to keep dry and wet, so that the soil relative humidity can reach 65% and 80%. Remove the lateral buds in time, reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote the expansion of the top flower bulb, and meet the commercial standards.

4.3 Bundle leaves shade 5-7 days before picking, that is, the main veins of the old leaves on both sides of the periphery of the flower bulb are broken inward, and a shading shed is built on it to cover the strong light to prevent the bouquet from becoming purple and blooming, thickening the texture, increasing the fiber and reducing the quality and commodity rate.

4.4 Disease and pest control

Downy mildew: control with 70% ethyl phosphorus, aluminum, manganese and zinc 500 times or 60% poison alum 600 times.

Black rot: control with 500 times of agricultural streptomycin 200 mg or 77% wettable powder.

Black spot: control with 500 times of 5% thiophanate methyl or 500 times of 50% carbendazim.

Aphids and cabbage insects: control with 1000 times of 5% cypermethrin EC or 1000 times of 2.5% Kuaishaling EC. (source: China Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers Network)