To master the methods of topdressing edible fungi and to control diseases and insect pests of edible fungi

(1) cultivation and selection of high-quality bacteria: first, the species should be good, with the characteristics of high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance (including resistance to diseases and insect pests); second, high purity and no disease and insect infection. The most basic thing is to cultivate new varieties and strains with strong disease resistance and insect resistance; third, the bacteria age is suitable. Aging bacteria not only have poor vitality, but also have more chances of pollution. When selecting strains, if the latter two points are ignored, it is often one of the main causes of serious infection by diseases and insect pests in the seed production period or the breeding period. For example, the mycelium of volvariella volvacea is slender, not dense and grows fast, but it is easy to aging and autolysis. If the mycelium in the bottle shrinks, or part of the hyphae emerges autolysis, or if the bacteria age is more than 30 days, it is an aging strain. After sowing aging bacteria, not only the hyphae recover slowly, the growth is poor, the yield is low, but also easy to be infected by diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the bacterial age of about 20 days should be the best. The suitable age of Lentinus edodes is to use the mycelium after the mycelium grows in a full bottle, usually at 45 ℃ for 50 days. With this strain, the mycelium germinates quickly, the vitality is strong, and the pollution rate is low.

(2) to adjust the suitable pH of edible fungi for pH, except for straw mushroom, most of them prefer acidic or neutral environment. Most pathogens prefer neutral or alkaline environment. Therefore, in the production of bacteria, an appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate can be added to adjust the acid of the culture medium, which can not only inhibit the occurrence of bacteria, but also provide a certain amount of phosphorus for edible fungi. If some alkali-loving bacteria are found on the mushroom bed, such as white gypsum mold and brown gypsum mold, superphosphate can be sprinkled directly on the affected material surface.

The culture material of volvariella volvacea tends to change from alkali to acid after sowing. According to the characteristics that straw mushroom likes alkaline environment, it can be combined with spraying water and spraying with lime water of pH9 after each harvest to meet the needs of pH for the growth of volvariella volvacea and inhibit the competition for nutrients with straw mushroom. The occurrence of ghost umbrellas of water. Because ghost umbrellas like acidic environment, they grow poorly in neutral or slightly alkaline environment. Some mushrooms that can also grow well in neutral or slightly alkaline environment, such as mushrooms and Pleurotus ostreatus, the raw materials used in cultivation (rice straw, cottonseed shell, etc.) can be mixed with 1% UV 2% lime water, and can also be sprayed with lime water (supernatant) after mushroom picking.

(3) to strengthen the cultivation management and improve the disease-resistant and insect-resistant ability of edible fungi, the management of the period of occurrence of edible fungi should be aimed at improving the growth of edible fungi hyphae and inhibiting the occurrence of edible fungi. The main measures adopted are:

Most bacteria like high temperature in proper cooling culture of ①. Except straw mushroom, the temperature of edible fungus is relatively low. Therefore, the culture temperature should be controlled below 25 ℃ after inoculation. Proper cooling culture, although the mycelium growth rate is slow, but sturdy and powerful, and the bacteria are obviously reduced.

② humidification culture of edible fungi in the mycelium growth period of the air relative humidity is also relatively low, therefore, in the bacteria period air relative humidity should be maintained at about 60%, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of bacteria.

③ timely heap inspection 7 days behind the inoculation to do a heap inspection, found that infected, mild bacterial bags can be injected with 75% alcohol or 1:3 formaldehyde solution; serious infection, use a little larger than the original bag to tie up tight, re-sterilization, vaccination. Never take off the contaminated bacterial tube and dry it in the sun, so that the spores of the bacteria can fly around, causing serious repeated infection.

The management of mushroom period should pay attention to the scientific use of water. Dirty water is the vector that can spread germs. Therefore, the mushroom room water management, one is to ensure clean water, in the case of difficult to guarantee, can be sprayed with 150 mg / L bleach solution. Second, water spraying should promote and control the connection, more should be more, less should be less. Spray lightly and frequently in the early stage after covering the soil, and only spray mushroom water again when it is about to produce mushrooms. To the mushroom stage, the mushroom is sprayed more often, and less when the mushroom is less.

The mushroom bed should be ventilated after spraying water. Most bacteria like high temperature and high humidity. Once diseases emerge in the mushroom bed, water spraying should be stopped and ventilation should be increased.

In addition, the suitable ecological conditions such as light, temperature, water and gas in the mushroom room should be adjusted to make the edible fungus mycelium grow strong, strengthen vitality and improve stress resistance, so as to restrain the occurrence and spread of bacteria.