Understand how to cultivate edible fungi and comprehensive measures for disease prevention.

The occurrence and even epidemic of edible fungus diseases have their own regularities. On the surface, the diseases only appear in a certain production link, but the occurrence of diseases requires quite a lot of conditions. Therefore, disease prevention should start from the source, until the complete end of production, the intermediate link can not be slightly relaxed, in order to completely put an end to the disease.

The selection of excellent virus-free bacteria is an effective measure to ensure that the strains do not carry any viruses or bacteria, ensure the health of hyphae and improve mycelium resistance. Virus-free bacteria themselves do not carry any viruses or bacteria, and due to the artificial regulation of matrix and temperature in the process of detoxification, it greatly improves its adaptability and stress resistance to external conditions.

Strict disinfection treatment in mushroom shed and cultivation environment is the main means to eliminate residual viruses and bacteria. First of all, the dung pile, haystack and garbage around the mushroom shed should be cleaned up and the weeds should be removed together. Spray 500 times carbendazim and other fungicides many times. Secondly, the old mushroom shed should be scraped off the wall skin, when there are conditions, the surface can be eradicated about 1 cm thick, with 50 times mushroom disease king solution to the shed carpet spray, walls, corners, pillars, ventilation holes should also be sprayed drugs, do not leave a dead corner. This measure can completely kill the germs in the shed. It can also be disinfected with 10 times strong glutaraldehyde solution and 200 times Venus disinfectant solution. The sterilization effect of multi-methyl solution prepared with carbendazim and formaldehyde is also very good. Generally, the proportion of carbendazim, formaldehyde and water is 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 100. if the disease is serious in the last season, the concentration can be increased properly. Thirdly, for the mushroom shed with serious primary disease, the upper shelf pole and greenhouse film can be removed, straw weeds can be accumulated in the greenhouse, burning will be ignited, plant ash will be turned into the soil layer, re-pole mulching, and then drug spraying, the effect is very good. Windless weather should be selected for specific operation, and appropriate fire-fighting equipment should be provided.

Effective treatment of soil covering material is an important link to prevent bacteria from entering the shed. After selecting the soil covering material, expose to the sun on the hardened ground, turn over at any time, keep the diameter of the soil particles below 0.5 cm, spray and mix with 100 times mushroom disinfecting king solution, spray and mix twice, and cover the film after the construction of the shed for stuffy effect.

The handling of the base material should be strict, which is the key link to ensure that there is no bacteria in the shed. This stage includes dry material treatment, fermentation treatment and standardized clinker inoculation for bagging and sowing, as well as environmental cleaning and sterilization such as culture and sterilization. After the bacteria are sent, before entering the shed, the mushroom disinfecting king solution of 200 times should be prepared and placed in large pots and other containers, and the bacteria bag should be soaked and washed again before entering the shed.

Regular spraying of germicidal and bacteriostatic drugs is the main means of prevention in the process of mushroom production management. After the bacteria bag is put into the shed or the base material is sown in the shed, drugs should be sprayed frequently in order to prevent diseases.

Early prevention and treatment of primary diseases should be dealt with thoroughly. For the three-dimensional cultivation of the bacterial bag, together with the diseased bacterial bag, it was cleaned out of the shed and buried deeply after immersion. When the quantity is large, it can be piled up after spraying or sprinkled with lime powder. The method is that after building the pile, the soil is sealed with dilute mud to make it ferment naturally and produce heat to kill the bacteria. For soil-covered cultivation, the scope of the disease area should be expanded and the base materials should be controlled to the end and cleaned out of the shed.

Pest control and disease prevention is one of the important measures to control diseases. Most pests often carry a large number of germs, once in the shed, they become the source of disease, spread everywhere, and spread quickly, so in the prevention and control of diseases, the control and killing of pests can not be ignored. Main measures: clean up the external environment, spray high-efficiency and low-toxic drugs to control the source of insects; sprinkle more than 2 meters of lime aisle at the door of the mushroom shed to prevent reptiles from entering; vents and doorways are sealed with anti-insect nets to prevent flying insects from entering. After the pest was found, the poison bait was used to kill the insect, and the effect was better. For mushrooms, mosquitoes and flies, it can be sprayed during the intermittent period of mushroom production. It can also prepare sugar and vinegar solution to trap and kill. After liquor, sugar, vinegar and water are mixed according to the ratio of 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 4, add 3-4 drops of dichlorvos solution to the container, and the adults can be killed when they fly into the container. (Jiang Hailiang)