Identification of Edible Fungi Diseases and planting conditions of Edible Fungi

Choose the site near the river, with smooth air, wide surroundings, far away from livestock farms, breweries, living areas, hospitals and garbage dumps. The site should take measures such as turning over soil, drying soil, irrigation and so on to replace pesticide disinfection. The water quality of the source requires the selection of clean well water and tap water, away from sewage sources. Mushroom shed requires firm body, high terrain, smooth drainage, no stagnant water in the shed, covered with plastic film and sunshade net, to prevent the sun and rain. The cover should be a little thicker, which is good for heat preservation. It should be surrounded by straw curtains and leave ventilation holes.

The best culture material is the sawdust of birch wood, supplemented with cottonseed shell, soybean stalk, corn heart, wheat bran, rice bran and trace elements. Raw materials are fresh, dry, free from moth, mildew, deterioration and caking are the basis of success. In addition, the culture material needs to be disinfected before use.

The suitable temperature for sprouting and mycelium growth of edible fungi is 20-30 ℃, but there are great differences among different kinds of organic edible fungi in the temperature of promoting fruiting body differentiation, which can be divided into the following three types: (1) low temperature type: the highest temperature of fruiting body differentiation is below 24 ℃, and the optimum temperature is below 20 ℃. (2) medium temperature type: the highest temperature of fruiting body differentiation was below 28 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 20-24 ℃. (3) High temperature type: the optimum temperature for fruiting body differentiation was above 30 ℃ and above 24 ℃.

Most of the water needed for the growth and development of organic edible fungi comes from the culture material, and the general water content of the culture material should be controlled at about 65%. During the growth and development of fruiting body, the moisture content of culture material is reduced due to evaporation or harvest. Therefore, water must be sprayed frequently at ordinary times to maintain a certain air relative humidity in the mushroom room and prevent excessive evaporation of water in the culture material. The relative humidity of the air can be measured by an ordinary dry-hygrometer.

Organic edible fungi require higher air relative humidity at the fruiting body development stage, and the moderate relative humidity is 80%-95%. If the humidity is too low, it will affect the differentiation and development of the fruiting body, and in severe cases, the fruiting body will not differentiate. even the differentiated young mushrooms will die. But the humidity of the mushroom room should not exceed 96%. Otherwise, it will not only underdevelop the mushroom body, but also breed germs.

Generally, the pH value for mycelial growth is between 3 and 8, and the optimum pH value is 5.0 to 5.5.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are also important factors affecting the growth and development of edible mycelium. Too much carbon dioxide is disadvantageous to the growth and development of edible fungi. In order to prevent the accumulation of too much carbon dioxide, ventilation is often needed in the mushroom room. This is a key measure to ensure the normal development of the fruiting body in the cultivation of edible fungi. Ventilation can replenish the fresh air in the mushroom room and eliminate excessive carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste gases. In addition, proper ventilation and irregular ventilation can regulate the relative humidity in the air and reduce the growth of bacteria.

Different from ordinary green plants, edible fungi can not have a full effect of light, do not need direct light, and because sunlight ultraviolet rays have germicidal effect, direct exposure to sunlight is not conducive to edible fungi, which can not be planted in the field like growing crops and exposed to the sun. and need to be cultivated in a special mushroom room or shade shed.