Causes and control countermeasures of diseases and insect pests of edible fungi, fertilization techniques and methods of edible fungi

If necessary preventive measures are not taken in the production of edible fungi, a large number of miscellaneous bacteria and pests will occur, which will do great harm to the growth of edible fungi. We must adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and giving priority to prevention than cure. The main causes are as follows:

The main results are as follows: 1. The medium is rich in nutrition, which is not only suitable for the growth and development of edible fungi, but also suitable for the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms. As long as there are other microorganisms, they will grow and propagate rapidly and cause harm.

2. After the raw materials are exposed to moisture in the process of storage and transportation, they are easy to infect microorganisms. when in use, whether it is thermal sterilization or pasteurization, spores or eggs may eliminate uncleanliness, and when cultivating edible fungi, they will germinate and cause harm.

3. The cultivation environment of edible fungi is not clean, or weeds are overgrown, or sundries are accumulated, or waste culture materials are accumulated, which create conditions for the breeding of miscellaneous bacteria; the mushroom house is close to the cattle pen and chicken house, and the old mushroom room is not thoroughly sterilized, and the environment is too dark and humid, poor ventilation, will hide pests, breed miscellaneous bacteria, after the cultivation of edible fungi, infect the culture material or fruiting body, mycelium.

4. Improper proportion of nutrients in culture materials, too much auxiliary materials, excessive water content, unsuitable pH, improper water management during mushroom emergence, muggy mushroom room, excessive humidity, insufficient light, and untimely harvest of fruiting body. it will also provide conditions for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

Diseases and insect pests may occur during the whole cultivation period of edible fungi, which makes it difficult to prevent. In addition, miscellaneous bacteria and pests and edible fungus hyphae live together in the culture medium, it is difficult to take measures to deal with them, if not careful, it may lead to both losses. Therefore, insecticidal and sterilization are the most important means of prevention. The prevention and control measures are as follows:

1. The site selection and construction of the strain factory should be reasonable. Strain plants should be kept away from houses, farms and warehouses. The architectural design of the loading room, sterilization room, aseptic room and culture room should be reasonable, so that the bottles and bags filled with materials can directly enter the aseptic room, and the inoculation bottles can enter the culture room directly, so as to reduce the time of transportation and reduce the chance of pollution during transportation.

2. Pay attention to the sterilization and disinfection of inoculation room and culture room. The equipment of inoculation room and culture room should be simple and tidy, and the room should be cleaned frequently to remove sundries. And regular formaldehyde fumigation disinfection. Contaminated cultures should be disposed of immediately and should not be discarded at random. Heavily contaminated bacteria or culture bags should be deeply buried. Avoid repeated pollution.

3. Pay attention to the hygiene of the cultivation room and the cultivation ground. Mushroom houses and mushroom farms should be kept away from warehouses, farms and garbage dumps. The doors, windows and vents of the mushroom house should be equipped with screen to prevent the entry and exit of flying insects. Fumigation or spraying drugs should be carried out for surface disinfection and insecticidal before use. Do not pile up the waste and the residue after mushroom production near the mushroom house. Remove dead branches, rotten leaves, weeds and rocky piles from the mushroom farm and its vicinity.

4. the culture material should be sterilized and insecticidal completely. Strictly according to the requirements of the culture medium and cultivation materials for sterilization, high-temperature sterilization to achieve pressure, temperature, time, can not change the sterilization conditions at will. The fermentation treatment of cultivation materials has the effect of sterilization and insecticide. attention should be paid to controlling the mild turning of the pile to ensure that all the materials go through the fermentation process. The culture raw materials should be exposed to the sun before use, and the soil should be disinfected before use.

5. Strictly check the bacteria to avoid the pollution spread by the bacteria.

6. Remove the residual mushrooms in time and keep the material surface clean. After picking the fruiting body, the bed surface should be cleaned thoroughly, the mushroom root, rotten mushroom and infected mushroom bud should be removed, and the bed surface should be disinfected if necessary.

7. Create environmental conditions to inhibit the occurrence of diseases, insects and miscellaneous bacteria. Make use of the gap between the occurrence conditions of miscellaneous bacteria, diseases and insect pests and the range of growth and development of edible fungi, make use of or adjust temperature, humidity, moisture, light, pH, nutrition and air conditions to restrain the harm of miscellaneous bacteria and diseases and insect pests, and promote the normal development of edible fungi.