Identification of Diseases of Edible Fungi, occurrence and Control of Edible Fungi

Neurospora can contaminate the strains and culture materials of all edible fungi. The most obvious symptom is the accumulation of a large number of conidia on the surface of cotton plugs and strains, showing an orange-red powder layer with a thickness of about 1cm. Slight air vibration will make the conidia spread with the air flow, resulting in the scrapping of the bacteria. In the high temperature, high humidity plum rain season is very easy to occur, cotton plug is more likely to be infected by moisture.

The age of the strain is too long, the vitality of the mycelium is weak, and it is easy to be contaminated by Neurospora. Sealing materials contaminated sealing materials (such as cotton plugs) are damp, too loose or leaky, which is one of the main causes of bacterial contamination. In addition, improper operation, incomplete sterilization, poor environmental hygiene conditions for inoculation and culture, unclean inoculation equipment, and inadequate aseptic operation of the staff will greatly increase the probability of Neurospora infection.

Comprehensive prevention and control measures

In order to create environmental conditions conducive to edible fungi and not conducive to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, infection areas such as raw material storehouses and mixing rooms should be isolated from easy-to-infect areas such as inoculation rooms, inoculation rooms, culture rooms, and mushroom sheds; inoculation rooms and culture rooms should be cleaned regularly, and 1000 times of 20% methoconazole suspension or 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules should be used with ultraviolet lamp, or disinfect thoroughly with high efficiency environmental disinfector. Before entering the room, the mushroom room and mushroom rack should be exposed to the sun for 2 to 3 days and disinfected with lime and formaldehyde; contaminated bacteria and diseased mushrooms should be taken out of the mushroom room to burn or buried deeply; after each season, the mushroom farm should be thoroughly cleaned.

Strictly control the strains and select the varieties that are suitable for the local environment and have strong disease resistance. The use of high-quality mother and original seeds with short bacterial age, strong vitality and no pollution is beneficial to form a growth advantage as soon as possible after inoculation and resist the infection of Neurospora. Carefully select cultivated species, eliminate abnormal strains, and prevent bacteria from carrying bacteria.

When mixing materials with strict norms in cultivation operation, fresh culture materials free of insects and mildew should be selected. When mixing materials, 0.1% carbendazim 50% wettable powder, 1% quicklime or 0.2% potassium permanganate mixture can be added, or 0.1% 70% methyl carbendazim wettable powder can be used. Properly add lime (2%-4%), especially when cultivating raw materials in high temperature season; adjust the C / N ratio and pH value of the culture materials; adjust the water content of the culture materials so that the water cannot be sewn out of the fingers by hand; the tightness should be appropriate when bagging.

In addition, the culture material should be mixed and used at any time to prevent rancidity. When sterilizing, clean the cold air first to ensure that there is enough sterilization pressure and time, and the placement of the bacteria bag in the pot should not be too tight, so as to avoid poor steam. Aseptic operation should be strictly carried out in the links of inoculation and culture. Avoid damp sealing material, beware of bacterial bag damage. When inoculating, the best sowing time should be selected and the sowing amount should be increased appropriately to facilitate the rapid development of bacteria and form the advantage of mycelial growth. When raising bacteria and producing mushrooms, control the temperature and humidity in the shed, pay attention to ventilation and adjust the light, to ensure good environmental conditions.

The use of chemical pesticides in chemical control should follow the principle of minimum. If Neurospora contamination is found, the contaminated bags should be carefully cleaned to be buried or burned outside, and the spread of Neurospora spores should be avoided in the cleaning process. At the same time, thiophanate methyl and azoxystrobin were used to disinfect the mushroom room.