Study on efficient cultivation techniques of Edible Fungi to understand cultivation techniques of Edible Fungi

The yield and quality of edible fungi can be cultivated through scientific cultivation and management, and only in this way can their edible value, medicinal value and economic value be brought into play. Therefore, exploring the current cultivation technology of edible fungi is of great significance to the progress of agricultural production technology in our country.

1. Problems existing in current cultivation techniques of edible fungi.

1.1 low yield and poor quality

Most of the cultivation of edible fungi in China depends on manual labor, and the production technology is backward, which leads to the low yield of some edible fungi in our country. For example, the unit yield of Lentinus edodes in China is about 6000kg per mu and 1800kg per mu, while in Japan and other countries with advanced agricultural technology, the yield per mu is about 20-50% higher than that in China, which leads to the low competitiveness of China's edible mushrooms in the international market, and it is difficult to meet the standards of high-quality fungi in terms of quality.

1.2 lack of variety and lack of innovation

At present, there are few varieties of edible fungi in China, and there is a lack of a series of related varieties. Compared with Japan, there are only several common kinds of edible fungi planted in China every year, and there are too few new varieties, and in the process of cultivation, due to technical and economic strength and other reasons, it is impossible for growers to arrange planting varieties and cultivation techniques according to the local climatic conditions, which makes it difficult for the edible mushroom industry to develop.

1.3 production management is chaotic and inferior

Due to the development of market economy, people are pursuing material interests and neglecting the quality of products. In terms of the current situation of edible fungus production in China, the production of edible fungi is extremely chaotic and there is a phenomenon of inferior quality. Although the Edible Mushroom production Management Law has just been established, due to the lack of production quality inspection units, coupled with the poor level of management and monitoring of technical departments, the current production and management of edible fungi lags behind.

1.4 the study on cultivation techniques of edible fungi is weak.

China has only experienced more than 30 years after the reform and opening up, and the research on the cultivation technology of edible fungus has just started, especially the lack of advanced research talents of edible fungus technology and the applied talents who can really combine theory with practice and carry out technical research and promotion according to the market demand and the national conditions of our country. At the same time, China is also lack of professional institutions in the cultivation of edible fungus technology, and there is a serious shortage of research funds, which leads to the serious backwardness of technology in our country.

2. Probe into the cultivation techniques of edible fungi.

2.1 Edible fungus breeding

With the development of science and technology, the research on the breeding technology of edible fungi will also develop and progress, and some new technologies, new processes and new methods of edible fungus breeding will continue to emerge. At present, the breeding methods of edible fungi in China include cross breeding, artificial breeding, mutation breeding and so on, which can achieve the desired results.

Cross breeding is the most widely used and effective breeding method at present. The basic principle of cross breeding of edible fungi is the gene recombination of tetrad process. This breeding method is suitable for heterogenous edible fungi, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes, fungus fungus, Tremella fuciformis, hericium Erinaceus and so on. The strains formed by monospore germination of heterozygous edible fungi are sterile and can be binucleated and fruiting bodies can be formed only by pairing and hybridization of different monokaryon hyphae. According to this principle, using monokaryon mycelia with different hereditary advantages to hybridize and breed excellent hybrid heterokaryons is an important way to cultivate edible fungus varieties. It has stronger directionality and maneuverability than mutation breeding.

Artificial breeding is a new way of strain cultivation at present, which mainly uses artificial methods to cultivate some high-quality varieties of fungi, select and accumulate useful characteristics, so as to obtain new varieties of edible fungi.

2.2 cultivation and management

At present, the main culture method in China is the liquid culture of edible fungi, which is developed on the basis of antibiotic fermentation technology. it has been widely studied and applied because of its short production cycle, high yield, high quality, outstanding economic benefits and so on. Liquid culture of edible fungi is also known as submerged fermentation or liquid fermentation. its main principle is to add liquid culture medium to fermentor or triangular flask, add aseptic air to increase the content of dissolved oxygen in the medium, and provide oxygen for respiratory metabolism of edible fungus mycelia. at the same time, stir or oscillate, and control suitable external conditions to make the bacteria reproduce and develop in the depth of liquid, and obtain a large number of mycelia or metabolites.

After the breeding is completed, the growers should put the inoculated colonies into the culture room for culture. Although the hyphae of the bacteria have not germinated at this time, the activities of other microorganisms in the raw materials will soon produce high temperature. If the colonies are overcrowded, it is easy to burn the bacteria, and the burned bacteria not only lose their vitality, but also provide additional sources of nutrition for miscellaneous bacteria, which is not conducive to the cultivation of edible fungi.

In winter, the training bag should be properly fastened, and at the same time, tipping, ventilation and inspection should be strengthened, not carelessly. The cultivation of edible fungi is required to be clean, ventilated, dry, keep room temperature at room temperature at all times, and maintain internal humidity at 70%. In the process of culture, we should always observe the fermentation of the culture and often turn the bacterial bag to ensure the dryness and ventilation of the bacterial bag so as to provide sufficient oxygen for colony development. In the process of germicidal management of bacterial bed cultivation, we should always pay attention to strengthening ventilation, controlling temperature, keeping moisture and preventing a large amount of stagnant water on the surface of bacterial bed.

2.3 mushroom harvesting

Different varieties, the specific methods of mushroom management are different, but should follow the following principles: first of all, we should pay attention to environmental hygiene, strict disinfection, so as to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Before the mushroom shed is put into use, it is necessary to carefully clean the environment, strictly fumigate and disinfect, do not pile up organic debris at random, and often do medicine to kill insects. Secondly, in the process of mushroom picking, in addition to strengthening the management and control of temperature, humidity, light and thermal conditions, special attention should be paid to the time of mushroom harvesting, with special emphasis on timely harvesting and timely harvesting in order to obtain the highest yield and the best commodity value. Finally, in the process of picking, pay attention to do not leave mushroom roots, can not damage into mushrooms, after picking and scratching mushrooms should timely clean up old mushrooms, dead mushrooms and rotten mushrooms, not to create conditions for the breeding of diseases and insect pests.

At present, edible fungus has become an indispensable food product in people's daily life, and it is also an agricultural development project that can not be ignored in China's market, especially in the current accurate poverty alleviation. As long as we pay more attention to technical research and popularize and develop pollution-free and high-yield cultivation techniques of edible fungi, we can meet the current social needs and promote the development of socialist market economy. promote China's agriculture to take the road of green and healthy development.