To explore the high-yield cultivation techniques of edible fungi and the key points of correct use of edible fungi nutrient solution

In the cultivation process of edible fungi, in order to produce more mushrooms, produce good mushrooms, achieve the purpose of improving quality, increasing yield and efficiency, it is often necessary to add various nutrient solutions. But in the process of adding nutrient solution, only by adopting correct adding method, can we achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and high efficiency. If it is added improperly, it will cause negative effects and cause greater economic losses.

First, pay attention to the method of addition. There are usually three ways to add: spraying, soaking and watering. One is spraying, which is used for the period when a large number of fruiting bodies appear. When spraying, pay attention not to spray head directly on the fruit body. At the same time, pay attention to "four do not spray": ① young mushroom buds do not spray, so as not to "swell death".② Do not spray the mushroom residue or mushroom residue just picked, so as not to cause bacterial diseases. 3. Do not spray when the air humidity is too high, and the spray effect is poor when the humidity is too high. 4. Do not spray when diseases and insect pests are serious in mushroom shed (room), and spray again after pest control. The second is soaking, mainly used for bag planting or block planting. After collecting 1-2 mushrooms, if the cultivation bag (block) is in a serious water shortage state, soak the bag or block in the prepared nutrient solution until it is restored to its original weight. Use the method of soaking to add nutrient solution, just put it in the nutrient solution tank or pool, put it in the bag (block) and press the heavy object, but the soaking time should not be very long, if the water loss is too much, you can soak it several times. The third is point irrigation, mainly used in bacteria bed. When the mushroom bed more, nutrient consumption is too large when the use. The method comprises the following steps of: removing the covering soil on the bacterial bed, inserting a funnel into the material surface, pouring 4-7 ml of nutrient solution into the material surface, spacing the holes 10 cm, and covering the soil after adding the nutrient solution.

Second, we must master the appropriate concentration. Too high concentration not only makes it difficult for mycelium to absorb, but also hinders mycelium growth. If the concentration is too low, the physiological effect is not obvious, and the purpose of high yield and high efficiency cannot be achieved. At the appropriate concentration, the addition should also depend on the humidity in the material. If the humidity of culture medium is high, increase the concentration of nutrient solution, reduce water consumption, and increase ventilation after addition. On the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of nutrient solution and increase water consumption. The concentration of common edible mushroom nutrient solution is: urea 0.3-0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%.

Third, nutrition should be comprehensive and reasonable. In order to prevent single nutrient solution, several nutrient solutions should be used alternately, which can meet the various nutrients required for the growth of fruiting bodies, make the fruiting bodies develop well and normally, and obviously improve the quality and yield. If hormones are used to stimulate the growth of edible fungi, they should be added after supplementing the nutrient solution.

Fourth, we must pay attention to environmental changes. Generally, when the temperature is above 20℃, it is difficult for mushroom hyphae to form high-quality fruit bodies (except for high-temperature type). In principle, no nutrient solution is added. If the culture medium has been contaminated by foreign bacteria, it must be removed before supplementing the nutrient solution. In order to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria, a certain amount of bacteriostatic agents can be added at the same time of adding nutrient solution to prevent the breeding and spread of miscellaneous bacteria.

(224500 Jiangsu Province Binhai Edible Fungi Research Institute Address: No.164 Yulong Road, Binhai Zhang Shi Wang Shangfa)