Identification of diseases of edible fungi and key technologies of pollution-free production of edible fungi

1. To improve the ecological environment, the cultivation shed should be located near the river, smooth air, wide surroundings, and at least 3000 meters away from livestock farms, breweries, living areas and hospitals; the site should take measures such as turning soil, tanning and irrigation to replace pesticides for disinfection; the water quality of the source is clean and pollution-free, and mushroom spraying and washing with sewage is strictly prohibited.

Second, to promote the preparation of biological control culture materials, plant mold inhibitors and plant pesticides can be used, such as traditional Chinese medicine perilla, composite plant pyrethrum, ester pesticides, woody oil plant rapeseed cakes, etc. can be made into plant pesticides to kill insects and control mites. We can also use strong mushrooms to control insects, starting from the breeding of strains, the proportion of culture materials, stacking fermentation, inoculation and mushroom management, so as to reduce diseases and insect pests and enhance the ability of disease resistance and damage resistance of mushrooms. In addition, we can also take specific mushroom rotation and intercropping, such as bamboo shoot has a strong fragrance, mosquitoes smell and fear, the use of mushroom and sun rotation is also good for insect control.

Third, the implementation of physical control inoculation room, bacteria room, ultra-clean workbench, etc., using 30 watt ultraviolet lamp irradiation disinfection; can also use electronic ozone sterilizer disinfection and sterilization. The cultivation room uses black light to trap and kill insects such as mushroom mosquitoes, flies, leafhoppers and so on. The doors and windows of mushroom house (shed) are equipped with insect-proof net, screen window and so on.

Fourth, strict scientific use of drugs should give priority to prevention. When determining the need for the use of chemical pesticides, agents with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues must be selected. Such as trichlorfon, phoxim, propargite, Regent, methyl thiophanate, metalaxyl and so on. Medication should be carried out without mushroom production or after each batch of mushroom harvest, and pay attention to a small amount, local application, to prevent the expansion of pollution. It is strictly forbidden to spray pesticides in the long mushroom period, and it is forbidden to use all mercury pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl 1605, 1059, monocrotophos, isocarbophos, chlordimeform, omethoate, toxicol and other pesticides with high toxicity and high residues in the mushroom production process.

Fifth, the product processing conforms to the standard edible fungus product often because of the processing process causes the sulfur content to exceed the standard, therefore must comprehensively popularize the precision good machinery to carry on the dehydration and drying. The packaging of mushroom products must conform to the national hygienic standards, namely, the hygienic standards for dried edible fungi, fresh edible fungi and food packaging.