Classification of common edible fungi and exploration of high-yield cultivation techniques of edible fungi

The cultivation of edible fungi in China has a long history. Before 1949, Lentinus edodes and Auricularia auricula were cultivated mainly by traditional cultivation methods. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus increased year by year. The number of main cultivated species increased to 10 (Pleurotus ostreatus, volvariella volvacea, Flammulina velutipes, Flammulina velutipes, Tremella fuciformis, Auricularia auricula, hericium Erinaceus) in 1970s, 14 in 1980s (Grifola frondosa, Tremella fuciformis, Poria, Gastrodia elata), and 44 in 1990s. At present, the edible mushrooms cultivated on a large scale are Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, delicious mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Flammulina velutipes, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, straw mushroom, hericium, columnar Pleurotus ostreatus, Coprinus comatus, Grifola frondosa, Ple Tremella, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum, Poria, Polyporus, Armillaria mellea (associated with Gastrodia elata), Mushroom, Dictyophora, Dictyophora, Tricholoma, Tricholoma, Tricholoma Among them, 31 species are cultivated on a large scale.

From the species and varieties of commercial scale cultivation In recent years, the species cultivated on a commercial scale include Agaricus bisporus, Brazilian mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, delicious mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, straw mushroom, hericium, tea tree mushroom, Coprinus comatus, Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma lucidum, pine Ganoderma lucidum, Poria cocos, Gastrodia elata Spot jade mushroom, long skirt Dictyophora, short skirt Dictyophora, etc. These cultivars are rich in variety diversity, which can be selected and used by growers according to the needs of the market. These diversified cultivated species and varieties ensure the annual cultivation and sustainable development of edible fungi in China under the mode of agricultural production.

There are two types of Agaricus bisporus: fresh-selling varieties and canned varieties. According to the size of fruiting body, there are large leaf varieties, middle leaf varieties and leaflet varieties.

According to the temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus, there are high temperature varieties, medium temperature varieties and low temperature varieties; according to the color of fruiting body, there are gray varieties and white varieties; according to the spore release, there are few spore varieties, spore late release varieties and non-spore varieties.

Auricularia auricula can be divided into single-chip varieties and chrysanthemum varieties according to the way of fruiting body, and black varieties and brown varieties according to color.

According to the difference of fruit body color, Auricularia auricula can be divided into three categories: yellow-backed Auricularia auricula, white-backed Auricularia auricula and Auricularia auricula.

Flammulina velutipes can be divided into three categories: yellow variety, light variety and white variety according to the color of fruiting body.

According to the fruiting body, there are very early varieties, early varieties, mesophytic varieties and late varieties sooner or later.

Volvariella volvacea can be divided into three types: large grain, medium grain and small grain according to the size of fruiting body.

Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus eryngii have high temperature varieties and low temperature varieties according to mushroom temperature, columnar varieties and bowling ball varieties according to fruiting body shape.

According to the shape of fruiting body, Pleurotus ostreatus can be divided into palm-shaped variety and horseshoe-shaped variety. (source: China Encyclopedia Network)