Biological pesticides selected for controlling diseases and insect pests of flowers and fertilization methods of edible fungi

Biopesticide generally refers to the use of living organisms to control diseases and insect pests, which has the characteristics of no residue, no pollution and no pollution to the environment, and can act exclusively on related diseases and pests. At present, it is recognized that bacteria, antibiotics, insect hormones, entomopathogenic nematodes and insect viruses are widely used at home and abroad.

Control of flower leaf-eating pests

First, insect growth regulators. Diflubenzuron series insecticides are new insect growth regulators, and their insecticidal mechanism is to inhibit chitin synthesis in insect epidermis. Juvenile ureas are mainly stomach poisons, but they can also invade the insect epidermis. The product has the advantages of good control effect, long residual period, low control cost, resistance to Rain Water, not easy to produce drug resistance to pests, and safe to flowers, animals and environment.

Second, it is a bacterial pesticide-Bt emulsion. Bt emulsion is a kind of Bacillus thuringiensis microbial pesticide, which belongs to Bacillus subtilis. The main insecticidal ingredient is hemisporal crystal. The drug has become the main biological insecticide widely used all over the world. The pathogenic mechanism of Bt emulsion is that Bt insecticidal toxin causes pathological changes in the digestive tract of pests and dies. After eating the leaves with Bt emulsion, the leaf-eating pests caused paralysis, fasting, slow response, diarrhea, and then a black ring appeared in the abdomen, which gradually expanded to the whole body, and eventually died of poisoning. After death, pests become black software, rot, hang upside down, or die on leaves and branches. Bt has pathogenic and toxic effects on many kinds of Lepidoptera larvae and leafhoppers, such as heart borer, yellow thorn moth, geometrid moth, etc., mainly used to control larvae of Lepidoptera pests.

Third, botanical pesticides, mainly including the following four kinds.

1% nicotine oil: multiple Chinese herbal medicine plant EC insecticides, which can also be quickly killed against resistant insects, with the characteristics of good degradation, no residual poison, safe use, no pollution, no pollution and stimulating the growth of flowers.

Baicao No. 1 (0.6% matrine lactone water agent): it is prepared and processed by crushing, dissolving, adding auxiliaries and penetrating agents, such as Niuxinpuzi, Sophora alopecuroides and other plants and Chinese herbal medicine. The mechanism of action is mainly contact killing, supplemented by stomach poison, which can promote the growth of flowers and can be used to control all kinds of aphids and leaf-eating pests.

Paraquat (1.2% nicotine EC): it is a botanical pesticide, and the active ingredients are nicotine and matrine, which have stomach toxicity, contact killing and fumigation effects on insects. It has low toxicity to human beings and animals, no pollution to the environment and no drug harm to flowers.

Guoguojing (0.5% azadirachtin EC): it is a botanical pesticide. The drug has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, low toxicity, low residue and no drug damage to flowers. At the same time, it has stomach poison, contact killing and certain antifeeding effect.

Control of flower piercing and sucking pests

First, fungal pesticides, mainly killing aphids.

Killing aphids is a new fungal biological pesticide, the main insecticidal ingredient is an ester-soluble sterol compound, which has low toxicity, knocks down aphids quickly, kills leaf mites, does not harm lacewings, ladybugs and other beneficial insects, and has the effect of promoting the growth of flowers.

Second, a series of antibiotic pesticides.

Mites (1.8%, 0.9%): mites, also known as Alfudin, the active ingredient of the drug is avermectin, which is widely used at home and abroad. It can effectively control a large number of phytophagous mites and other pests that are insensitive to or resistant to common pesticides, such as red spiders, leaf moths, diamondback moths, inchworm, poisonous moths, wood lice and other leaf-eating and piercing flower pests. It has stomach toxicity and contact killing effect on mites and other pests. Compared with chemical pesticides, predatory and parasitic beneficial insects rise faster after using this drug, which is beneficial to ecological balance. The drug is easy to decompose in the presence of oxygen and light, and has no residue, which is beneficial to human, animal and flower plants.

Liuyangmycin (10% water preparation): an acaricide, a new type of antibiotic.

Huaguangmycin (2.5% powder preparation): a new type of antibiotic acaricide, which does not cause pollution to the environment, has no residue in the air and soil, and has a protective effect on beneficial insects.

Third, botanical pesticides, mainly guardian birds (0.5% veratrinol), is a botanical pesticide, with veratrine alcohol solution as the main raw material, has the best effect on all kinds of aphids, especially aphids that are prone to resistance, and also has a certain effect on leaf mites.