Culture methods and matters needing attention of potted Chrysanthemum morifolium

The flowering period of melon-leaf chrysanthemum is not fixed, and it varies according to different sowing dates. Generally speaking, it takes 4-5 months for melon-leaf chrysanthemum to sow to blossom, while potted melon-leaf chrysanthemum in the flower market will have a better florescence because of factors such as promoting flowering. Most of them are on the market around the Spring Festival, Ching Ming Festival and so on. In fact, melon leaf chrysanthemum pot is not expensive, some places can buy a pot of about five yuan, so we mainly talk about the maintenance of melon leaf chrysanthemum, if you want to prolong the florescence of melon leaf chrysanthemum, the best maintenance temperature is 10-15 ℃, if the temperature is too high, it will shorten the florescence.

Protect the environment, because the melon and leaf chrysanthemum bought by flower friends have already bloomed, so they can be watched indoors, preferably in a place of astigmatism, and the market can bask in the sun. For usual watering, if the water permeability of the basin soil is good, it should be watered once a day, and if the indoor air is relatively dry, some water should be sprayed properly.

Melon-leaf chrysanthemum is an annual herb, and some flower friends wonder whether the bought melon-leaf chrysanthemum can continue to bloom until next year. As a matter of fact, it is possible, just like other Compositae plants, but for ordinary flower lovers, it is not worth doing, because melon-leaf chrysanthemum potted plants are not expensive and are usually thrown away after flowering.

1. Potted soil

Melon leaf chrysanthemum grows well in loose, fertile and well drained sandy loam, and the soil with PH value of 6.5-7.5 is more suitable for the growth of melon leaf chrysanthemum.

2. Lighting management

Melon leaf chrysanthemum is light-loving, and sufficient light can make the plant grow compact and neatly, blossom and leaves luxuriantly and enhance the resistance. Lack of light, melon leaf chrysanthemum flower stem slender, light color.

However, melon and leaf chrysanthemum avoid high temperature and strong light, which can be properly shaded in high temperature in summer. It should be placed in the sunny place from late autumn to winter and spring, and when the pedicel of melon, leaf and chrysanthemum is pulled out, the light should be increased to promote pregnancy.

The florescence is moved to indoor viewing, and it is still necessary to receive at least 4 hours of light every day in order to keep the flowers bright and the plants strong.

3. Temperature control

Melon leaf chrysanthemum likes warmth but can not bear high temperature. 15 ℃-20 ℃ grows best, and overgrowth occurs when the temperature is higher than 21 ℃, which is not conducive to flower bud formation. When the temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the plant will stop growing, when the temperature is below 0 ℃, freezing will occur, and the seedling can be lower than 0 ℃ low temperature. The suitable temperature for flowering was 10 ℃-15 ℃. The bud could not open when it was lower than 6 ℃, and the flower diameter was longer and longer when it was higher than 18 ℃.

In spring, summer and autumn, melon and leaf chrysanthemum should be kept in a cool, ventilated place, and water should be sprayed to cool down in summer. When the temperature drops below 5 ℃ in winter, the temperature should be kept indoors, and the temperature should be controlled between 10 ℃ and 15 ℃. If the temperature is not lower than 8 ℃ at night, you can cover the plant with a plastic bag to keep warm, and remove it after the sun comes out the next day to prevent frostbite.

If the room temperature is higher during overwintering, it will blossom earlier. However, if the room temperature is higher than 25 ℃ for a long time, the leaves are easy to curl. If they are not treated in time, the blooming of the flowers will be affected. In severe cases, the florescence will be obviously shortened, and the flowers will wither and fall earlier. If you find curly leaves, spray water once in the morning, noon and evening, and lower the temperature, 10 ℃-15 ℃ is appropriate. Keeping room temperature for 8 ℃-10 ℃ after flowering could prolong the flowering period of melon leaf chrysanthemum.

4. Water and fertilizer management

Melon leaf chrysanthemum leaves are large, consume a large amount of water, it is required to keep the basin soil moist, and spray water to the page many times a day to moisturize. Watering is controlled before flower bud differentiation, and the basin soil is slightly dry to promote flower bud formation. It should be watered less in winter and should be watered again when the basin soil surface is white.

Melon leaf chrysanthemum like fertilizer, avoid thick fertilizer, thin fertilizer should be applied diligently. At the initial stage of growth, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once every 5 days, or mature soybean cake fertilizer can be applied once every 7-10 days, with a concentration of 10% 15% to promote the rapid expansion of leaves.

After budding, melon-leaf chrysanthemum was applied 1-2 times with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, little or no nitrogen fertilizer to promote flower bud growth. Control the amount of water during flowering, and the temperature should not be too high, so as not to affect the ornamental effect of excessive hypertrophy of leaves. In the four-layer leaves, water and fertilizer were controlled to squat seedlings. Melon leaf chrysanthemum during flowering can reduce the number of fertilization, about 15 days to apply thin phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

5. Pruning method

Chrysanthemum morifolium can generally extract 20 to 40 main branches from the main stem, and a bud is formed at the top of each main branch. Three to four lateral branches were drawn from each node of the main branch, and each lateral branch also had a bud. Therefore, it is necessary to prune and fork, generally leaving 15 to 30 strong main branches, and try to make the florescence of each flower consistent, and the rest of the main branches and side branches are wiped out in order to provide centralized nutrition.

6. Florescence control

There are early flowering varieties and late flowering varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium, and the flowering time can be controlled by sowing time. Early flowering varieties blossomed 5-6 months after sowing, general varieties flowered 7-8 months after sowing, and late flowering varieties flowered 10 months after sowing. The flowering period can be adjusted manually from December to May of the following year, which is the main variety of festive flowers such as New Year's Day, Spring Festival, May Day and so on.

In Beijing, New Year's Day sows flowers in March and blossoms in mid-late December; Spring Festival flowers sow in May; May Day flowers sow in August-September. It is most suitable to sow from August to September, because the temperature gradually turns cool at this time, the rainy season has passed, the seedlings are not affected by high temperature and rain, the growth is rapid, and the cultivation and management is simple; if sowing after September, the seedlings are still small in the following year, and the sunshine time has gradually increased, so that the buds develop early and bloom, so that the plants are weak, the flowers are small and sparse, and the commercial value is reduced.

The sowing time can be determined according to the needs of flowering in different areas:

The seeds were sown in Shanghai from late August to early October and flowered from December to April of the following year.

Kunming can sow from May to October, sow from May to July, blossom in December, sow from August to October, and blossom from February to March of the following year.

The seeds were sown in western Sichuan in mid-August and blossomed in early spring the following year.

7. Pest control

Melon leaf chrysanthemum is prone to powdery mildew, black rust and gray mold under the condition of long-term dampness, poor ventilation and poor light. If the disease is found, it can be sprayed 2000 times with 50% carbendazim or 50% carbendazim, once every day and 2-3 times in a row.

Melon leaf chrysanthemum black rust can be sprayed with 70% Dysen zinc 500 times, once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row. Botrytis cinerea can be sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil or 50% carbendazim 500 times.

The main pests of melon and leaf chrysanthemum are aphids and red spiders. Leaf moths are easy to occur in the seedling stage, which can be controlled by dimethoate 1500-2000 times or Sodium Chrysanthemum 1000 times, once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times.

Note:

1. Sex likes cold and cold, but is not resistant to high temperature and frost. Good fat, like loose, well-drained soil. It can be cultivated in low temperature greenhouse or cold bed, and it is the most suitable that the night temperature is not less than 5 ℃ and the day temperature is not higher than 20 ℃. The suitable temperature for growth is 10 ℃-15 ℃, and it is easy to grow when the temperature is too high. The growing period should be sunny and keep dry properly.

2, like warm winter, summer without hot weather conditions, avoid dry air and hot sun exposure, but also have good light. Loose, fertile, well-drained soil is required. Like a sunny and well-ventilated environment, but avoid direct sunlight.

3. Cool temperature and plenty of sunshine are the main conditions for its good growth. Like sandy loam rich in humus and well drained, avoid drought, afraid of stagnant water, suitable for neutral and slightly acidic soil.

The flower buds of Chrysanthemum morifolium are formed in the severe winter, so it is very important to control the appropriate temperature. When the temperature dropped to 5 ℃, the melon leaf chrysanthemum was kept warm and maintained. The temperature should be controlled between 10 and 15 ℃. Pay attention to anti-freezing, night room temperature is not less than 8 ℃. Should pay attention to the rapid change of temperature, such as the temperature difference between day and night near the doors and windows is too large, the basin should be moved away from the doors and windows in the evening.

To avoid freezing, put a plastic bag on the plant and remove it when the sun comes out the next day. If the room temperature is higher during overwintering, it will blossom earlier. However, if the room temperature is higher than 25 ℃ for a long time, the leaves are easy to curl. If they are not treated in time, the blooming of the flowers will be affected. In severe cases, the florescence will be obviously shortened, and the flowers will wither and fall earlier. If you find curly leaves, spray water once in the morning, noon and evening, and lower the temperature to 10: 15 ℃. Keeping 8~l0 ℃ at room temperature after flowering can prolong the flowering period of Chrysanthemum.

Gourd leaf chrysanthemum likes warmth but is not tolerant to high temperature, and grows best under the condition of 15-20 ℃. When the temperature is higher than 21 ℃, the overgrowth phenomenon can occur, which is not conducive to the formation of flower buds. When the temperature is below 5 ℃, the growth and development of the plant stops, and the freezing injury occurs when the temperature is below 0 ℃. The suitable temperature for flowering is 10: 15 ℃, which can not open in bud when the temperature is below 6 ℃, and when the temperature is higher than 18 ℃, the flower stem will grow slender and affect the ornamental value. Therefore, melon leaf chrysanthemum should be placed in a cool and ventilated place in spring, summer and autumn, and cooling measures should be taken in summer to control the temperature conditions to make it suitable for the growth and development of melon leaf chrysanthemum.

Time: 2019-06-01 Click: