Pot planting technique of Zizyphus jujuba

Jujube is a deciduous fruit tree of Rhamnaceae and is native to China. Jujube is highly adaptable, barren-resistant, saline-alkali resistant and easy to manage. Potted jujube trees with early fruit, large fruit, beautiful branch shape and compact plant shape are better, such as dragon jujube, winter jujube, snow jujube, cucurbit jujube, tea jujube, etc., as well as "potted jujube No. 1" cultivated by the Fruit Tree Research Institute of Wulijiang Farm in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. Let's talk about the pot technology of ornamental jujube:

1. The configuration of nutrient soil and the selection of containers.

The nutritious soil was mixed with 4 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of mature organic fertilizer and 2 parts of sandy soil. after spraying potassium permanganate solution, it was covered strictly with plastic film, and the plastic film could be removed after one week. The containers should be tile pots and purple pottery pots. New flowerpots must be soaked in water for 3 days before use to prevent strong water collection from the basin wall and damage to the root system. The old flowerpot must be washed and scalded with boiling water to achieve the purpose of disinfection.

2. Seedling selection and potting.

One-year-old grafted seedlings are required to be more than 50 cm high, fresh, sturdy and well-developed jujube seedlings. Before putting on the basin, first cover the drainage hole with tiles, and then fill the basin bottom with larger particles of vermiculite about 3 cm thick, as drainage gas layer, cut off the excess fibrous root, injured root and diseased root of jujube seedlings, and put them in the center of the basin, fill with nutritious soil, pour through water, and cover the basin mouth with thin film.

3. Water and fertilizer management.

As long as the basin soil is short of water, it should be watered in time, and the watering should be transparent, and the phenomenon of "upper wet and lower dry" should not occur. In the flowering period, water spray is often used to maintain humidity at noon, which has the effect of protecting flowers and fruits. One month before flowering and young fruit stage, the soil in the basin should be kept slightly moist. Topdressing has a great demand for nutrients, and young trees are planted before sprouting to the end of May, mainly with 0, 1% to 0, 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Starting from June, 0, 5% to 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is mainly applied, and the florescence and fruit expansion period should be applied every 10 days. At the same time, foliar spraying should be carried out every half a month, such as 0, 1% urea + 0, 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0, 2% magnesium potash fertilizer or iron-zinc fertilizer mixture. The base fertilizer is applied in the middle of September by taking 10 cm deep soil from the basin, then filling it with rotten organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer and pouring enough water.

4. Shaping and pruning:

Potted jujube trees like light very much, so they should pay attention to shaping and pruning, not shading each other. When the lateral branches are sprouted, leave 3 to 4 lateral buds which are strong and evenly distributed, and cut off all the others. Cut off dense branches, overgrown branches and slender branches properly to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and reduce the occurrence of diseases. In the full flowering period, the top tender head of the new branch should be cut off by hand to promote the supply of nutrition to flowers and fruits.

5. Flower and fruit protection and fruit thinning.

In order to increase the fruit setting rate, 10ppm to 15ppm gibberellin (1992 ○) should be sprayed twice every 5 days after the blooming period of 5 to 7 days in the first ten days of June. At the same time, spray 5000 times borax solution to promote fertilization and fruiting, once every semimonthly, several times, but can not be mixed with other pesticides at the same time, so as to avoid drug damage. In the hard core period, 10mg/l 's naphthalene acetic acid can be sprayed to prevent flowers and fruits from falling. Then remove too many flowers and young fruits, reduce the consumption of nutrients, and ensure an adequate supply of flowers and fruits left behind. The first fruit thinning is carried out when the small fruit can be distinguished after flowering, leaving 1 to 2 fruits for each inflorescence. The second fruit thinning is carried out one month after flowering (the fruit diameter is about 1 cm to 1, 5 cm). This time, the fruit thinning is a fixed fruit, generally leaving one fruit every 2 to 4 leaves, strong branches leave more fruit, weak branches leave less fruit, and remove withered yellow fruit, disease and insect fruit, deformed fruit.

6. Pour the basin and change the soil.

After growing for 2 to 3 years, the root system of potted jujube became larger and the nutrients of potted soil were gradually deficient. At this time, the nutritious soil and large basin should be changed. Before spring and April, the basin soil should be fully watered 5 days before the basin is poured out, and the basin that is ready to be changed should be soaked. The outer root of the soil mass should be cut off 3 cm to 5 cm thick with a sharp blade, and the soil mass should be cut and put into the basin. Fill the gap with prepared nutrient soil and pour water thoroughly.

7. Pest control.

Pests that damage jujube trees include green bugs, jujube gall midges, bud-eating weevil, beetles, red spiders, leaf mites, and diseases such as anthracnose, ring disease, jujube rust, fruit shrinkage and so on. Pest control, from mid-April to mid-May, choose 30% acephate 600x to 800x solution, or 2,5% enemy kill or kill 3000 times solution, spray alternately for 3 times. From the end of May to the beginning of June, spray 1,8% acarine or 3000 times of mites. Spray 20% mite net 4000 times liquid in the middle of June and so on. During flowering, beetles and green-blind bugs can be killed manually and generally do not spray. If they occur in large quantities, 2 or 5% trichlorfon powder can be put in the basin. During the fruit growing period from mid-July to late August, the disease can be sprayed every 10 to 15 days for a total of 3 to 4 times. The medicine is 1000 times of carbendazim, 70% thiophanate methyl, 75% chlorothalonil and so on.

Articles on the same topic:

In recent years, watching jujube bonsai has emerged as a new force, which is favored by people. The price of each pot of handicraft jujube trees in Shunde Flower Market of Guangdong Province is as high as 7000 yuan, and the price of a pot of jujube root carving in the Jujube Industry Co., Ltd. is tens of thousands yuan.

More than 5000 businessmen from 32 provinces and cities gathered here at the 2014 China (Leling) Red Jujube and Fruit Industry Expo in Leling Golden Jujube Trading City on September 12, 2014.

With branches of different shapes and clusters of dates as red as agate, as soon as the jujube out-of-season bonsai of Leling Zhongde Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. was unveiled, it was surrounded by people from inside and outside, and became a full "popular king" in the exhibition hall.

"the fruit hanging period of jujube trees in the field is usually about May to October. Through advanced technology, our jujube bonsai makes the jujube grow red from the very beginning, and the fruit hanging period can be extended to January of the next year. When sold in winter, a 1-meter-high bonsai can be sold for about 1500 yuan. " Wang Lirong, manager of the company, said, "We have cultivated six varieties, such as fetal red and golden jujube, and the company adopts the operation mode of enterprise + cooperative + peasant household, which not only increases the added value of jujube trees, but also increases the income of farmers."

Liang Kun, a merchant who came specially from Tianjin, was very interested in jujube bonsai and initially reached a cooperation intention with Zhongde agriculture and animal husbandry. "the meaning of jujube tree is good, and the form of jujube bonsai is novel. I am very optimistic about its market prospect." He said.

The ornamental jujube bonsai combines the dwarfing cultivation of jujube with the modeling technology of bonsai to create a beautiful, colorful and edible cultivation body. The attempt of jujube farmers to develop jujube bonsai is a new economic growth point and a good way to increase income. Bonsai culture in China has a long history, and the export volume of bonsai is large every year. According to the investigation, at present, the ornamental jujube bonsai has not been developed and utilized on a large scale in our country, and the development prospect is good.

1. Suitable varieties of jujube bonsai.

Fruit-viewing jujube bonsai: gourd jujube, gourd Changhong, Mopan jujube, teapot jujube, pepper jujube, three discolored jujube, fetal red jujube, persimmon top jujube, weighing jujube (alias Lao Tou jujube), big persimmon jujube.

Ornamental branches, dried jujube bonsai: Dragon jujube and weeping jujube. Among them, dragon jujube varieties are Hebei dragon jujube, Shandong dragon jujube, Dali dragon jujube, Henan dragon jujube.

① Longxu jujube. The tree potential is weak, the development branch, the fruiting base branch and the abscission fruit branch all bend and twist to grow, the branch shape is peculiar, such as dragon claw shape, so it is also known as dragon jujube, dragon claw jujube. The fruit surface is often uneven and twisted, and the ornamental effect is better.

② teapot jujube. The shape of the fruit is very similar to the Yixing teapot, hence the name.

③ Hulu jujube. There is a constriction in the middle and upper part of the fruit, which is in the shape of gourd or grinding plate, and the shape of the fruit is beautiful, so it is also called constricted jujube and molded jujube.

④ persimmon jujube. Its main characteristic is that the sepals at the base of the fruit are persistent, initially green, thicker, fleshy with fruit development and maturity, and finally dark red, shaped like persimmon stalks.

⑤ is red in the womb. The tree is moderate and fruitful. The fruit is cone-shaped and pink. After fertilization, the disk and ovary are purple, so they are red in the fetus, and the branchlets and leaf veins are purple, which has special ornamental value.

⑥ winter jujube. Also known as apple jujube, weak tree shape, annual branches purplish red, leaf thorn degradation, oblong leaves, round fruit, red sun before maturity, beautiful appearance. The fruit is of good quality. In addition, you can also choose other varieties with their own characteristics, such as Yangjiao jujube, pear jujube, Yimeng seedless black jujube and so on.

2. Preparation of culture soil and selection of containers.

Preparation of nutritious soil: 4 parts of garden soil, 4 parts of rotten organic fertilizer and 2 parts of sandy soil are mixed. After spraying potassium permanganate solution, cover it strictly with plastic film and remove the plastic film after a week. The cultivation container needs water seepage and good air permeability to prevent the root rot caused by stagnant water, among which tile basin and purple pottery basin are better. The new flowerpot must be soaked in water for 3 days before use to prevent the potted wall from absorbing water strongly and damaging the root system. Old flowerpots must be washed and sterilized with boiling water.

3. Seedling selection and potting.

The selection of one-year-old grafted seedlings requires a height of more than 50 cm, developed and sturdy roots, many whisker roots, uniform branches and good tree shape, which is conducive to the cultivation of excellent jujube seedlings with bonsai. Before the jujube seedlings are put on the basin, cover the drainage hole with tiles, and then fill the basin bottom with larger particles of vermiculite about 3 cm thick as drainage. After cutting off the excess fibrous roots, injured roots and diseased roots of jujube seedlings, they are placed in the center of the basin to fill with nutritious soil, pour water through, and cover the mouth of the basin with thin film.

4. Shaping and pruning

Jujube is a light-loving tree species, and its pruning is slow. It is necessary to keep the canopy ventilated and transparent in order to make it grow well. You can choose the bending shape of the trunk, the natural shape of the three main branches, the dragon shape and so on. The combination of winter shears and summer shears is used for pruning. The main purpose of winter shearing is to cultivate the shape of the tree. after the jujube head of the backbone branch that needs to be lengthened is cut short, the first and second branch under the cut mouth is cut off to promote the germination of the main bud and form a new extended branch. At the same time, the parallel branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, disease and insect branches on the tree were removed. For the branches that use the results, the branches are generally shrunk to the biennial site, and the secondary branches under the cutting mouth are cut off. Summer shearing is mainly wiping buds, thinning branches and picking hearts, in order to control the growth of branches, we should always pay attention to erasing redundant jujube heads. Potted jujube trees take shape quickly, and they can generally complete the task of shaping and pruning in the same year. Therefore, except for renewal, all the new jujube heads were erased from the base to save nutrition consumption, maintain ventilation and light in the crown, and concentrate nutrition to promote the development of secondary branches, jujube hanging, flowers and fruits.

The ornamental tree shape is better in natural happy shape or small crown sparse layer shape. After planting, the trunk was left 3040 cm, divided into 3 branches or 3 layers of culture layer, and the distance between main branches was 5 cm 15 cm. Each main branch has 2 to 3 secondary main branches and an appropriate amount of auxiliary branches. The pruning of ornamental jujube trees is mainly in early winter and early summer. Winter pruning should be carried out after defoliation, the extended branches should be truncated and the fruiting branches should be retracted. The main purpose of summer shearing is to erase the excess jujube, and the branches set aside for plastic surgery need to be picked out at the right time according to the size of the space.

5. Fertilizer and water management

Due to the limited growth space in the flowerpot, sufficient fertilizer and water supply must be ensured in order to ensure the normal growth, flowering and fruiting of jujube trees. In the flowering period, water spray is often used to maintain humidity at noon, which has the effect of protecting flowers and fruits. One month before flowering and young fruit period, the soil in the basin should be kept slightly moist. Ornamental jujube trees have a great demand for nutrients. In addition to applying sufficient organic fertilizer during planting, mature organic fertilizer should be applied every winter or when changing pots, and it can also be irrigated with mature organic fertilizer during the growing season, generally before flowering and during the fruit expansion period.

6. Flower and fruit management

Jujube is a multi-flowered tree, and the natural fruit setting rate is often less than 2%. In order to improve the fruit setting rate of jujube trees, we must strengthen the management of flowering and fruit stage: first, adjust the distribution of tree nutrition, pick the heart of the twigs, cut short and develop branches, and cut roots or rings timely if the trees are strong. Second, after 5-7 days of full bloom, spray with 10 mg gibberellin solution per kilogram of water. In the hard core period, 10 mg / L naphthylacetic acid solution can be sprayed to prevent flowers and fruits from falling. Third, water spraying during flowering can promote pollen germination, and water spraying should be carried out in the evening or early morning when the temperature is low. In addition, foliar spraying of trace elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and rare earth or special flower fertilizer can also promote fruit setting. Ornamental jujube trees are easy to crack when the fruit is ripe, and covering the pot mouth with plastic film (or straw) can prevent a large number of fruit cracking.

7. pour the basin and change the soil.

After growing for 2-3 years, the root system of potted jujube became larger and the nutrients of potted soil were gradually deficient. At this time, the big basin should be changed, the time is before April, and the basin soil is watered five days before the basin is poured down. The basin that is ready to be changed is soaked, and the outer part of the soil mass is cut off 3cm to 5cm thick with a sharp blade. The purpose is to thinning and cutting the crowded and dense old roots, so as to facilitate the growth of new roots and improve the ability of roots to absorb water and nutrients. Put the cut soil into a large basin, fill the gap with the prepared nutritious soil, and pour water through it.

8. Pest control

The pests harmful to jujube trees are peach heart borer, jujube inchworm and so on, and the diseases are anthracnose, jujube rust, jujube madness and so on. Prevention and control methods: mainly to strengthen management, enhance the tree potential, and timely select high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue chemical spraying.

Jujube mad disease

The disease is a destructive disease, with slender branches, dense nest-like branches, smaller leaves and degenerated flowers. The disease can be carried by grafting diseased plants, root tillers and so on. Therefore, diseased plants should be removed in time to prevent spread.

Jujube rust

The disease is caused by high temperature and humidity and usually occurs from July to August. The disease is mainly manifested in leaves and fruits, the initial stage of the disease appears irregular light green spots, and then dark brown, and protruding upward, and finally brown spots, leaves fall off, resulting in fruit drop. The main control methods were as follows: ① paid attention to remove fallen leaves and concentrated burning in winter to reduce the source of the disease; ② in the prone period, properly thinning branches to ensure ventilation and light in the crown; ③ sprayed 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 200-fold Bordeaux solution or Ludabao 500-fold solution 800 times in mid-July and early August respectively.

Jujube inchworm

The insect occurs in all jujube areas, harms buds, leaves and flowers with larvae, and can spin silk to hinder the extension of bud leaves. In serious cases, it can eat up the leaves of the whole tree, resulting in a serious reduction in yield or even no harvest. The control methods are as follows: ① properly scrapes off the old bark and brushes the stone-sulfur mixture or omethoate solution to kill the overwintering pupae; ② spreads 2~5cm wide long-acting machine oil poison on the trunk away from the basin soil 10~20cm before Eclosion in early spring to kill the female and larvae of the tree; ③ found that the larvae can be sprayed with 800x 50% Batan aqueous solution once every 7 days and 3 times in total.

Time: 2019-05-25 Click: